Assessing the Performance of Precise Point Positioning (PPP) with the Fully Serviceable Multi-GNSS Constellations: GPS, BDS-3, and Galileo
Nowadays, both BDS-3 and Galileo can provide global positioning and navigation services. This contribution carried out a comprehensive analysis and validation of positioning performance in terms of positioning accuracy (RMS) and convergence time, which are derived from BDS-3 and Galileo precise poin...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-01-01
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| Series: | Remote Sensing |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/3/807 |
| _version_ | 1797623343135850496 |
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| author | Zunyao Hou Feng Zhou |
| author_facet | Zunyao Hou Feng Zhou |
| author_sort | Zunyao Hou |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Nowadays, both BDS-3 and Galileo can provide global positioning and navigation services. This contribution carried out a comprehensive analysis and validation of positioning performance in terms of positioning accuracy (RMS) and convergence time, which are derived from BDS-3 and Galileo precise point positioning (PPP) solutions at a global scale. Meanwhile, the comparison with GPS was demonstrated. The performance and geographical distribution of RMS and convergence time for each satellite system were analyzed. GPS outperforms the other two systems on a global scale. Galileo and BDS-3, on the other hand, only perform moderately well in certain latitude zones. The combination of dual systems related to each single system is analyzed. For the dual-system combinations, the combination of systems presents a definite advantage over Galileo and BDS-3, and this advantage is more pronounced for the kinematic PPP. For GPS, the combination with Galileo and BDS-3 has little improvement in positioning performance. For the dual-system combination based on Galileo and BDS-3, the RMS and convergence time can be improved by 50% compared with the single system. The influence of single-system kinematic PPP selection for precise products from different MGEX analysis centers on positioning performance was studied. Among the five precise products, grg products have the best positioning performance for GPS, while cod products have the best positioning performance for Galileo and BDS-3. The difference in RMS and convergence time between 2 cm and 15 min can be caused by different precise product selections. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:27:30Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-982bf2b2df5545f89d633e26a2002c22 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-4292 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:27:30Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Remote Sensing |
| spelling | doaj.art-982bf2b2df5545f89d633e26a2002c222023-11-16T17:54:32ZengMDPI AGRemote Sensing2072-42922023-01-0115380710.3390/rs15030807Assessing the Performance of Precise Point Positioning (PPP) with the Fully Serviceable Multi-GNSS Constellations: GPS, BDS-3, and GalileoZunyao Hou0Feng Zhou1College of Geodesy and Geomatics, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, ChinaCollege of Geodesy and Geomatics, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, ChinaNowadays, both BDS-3 and Galileo can provide global positioning and navigation services. This contribution carried out a comprehensive analysis and validation of positioning performance in terms of positioning accuracy (RMS) and convergence time, which are derived from BDS-3 and Galileo precise point positioning (PPP) solutions at a global scale. Meanwhile, the comparison with GPS was demonstrated. The performance and geographical distribution of RMS and convergence time for each satellite system were analyzed. GPS outperforms the other two systems on a global scale. Galileo and BDS-3, on the other hand, only perform moderately well in certain latitude zones. The combination of dual systems related to each single system is analyzed. For the dual-system combinations, the combination of systems presents a definite advantage over Galileo and BDS-3, and this advantage is more pronounced for the kinematic PPP. For GPS, the combination with Galileo and BDS-3 has little improvement in positioning performance. For the dual-system combination based on Galileo and BDS-3, the RMS and convergence time can be improved by 50% compared with the single system. The influence of single-system kinematic PPP selection for precise products from different MGEX analysis centers on positioning performance was studied. Among the five precise products, grg products have the best positioning performance for GPS, while cod products have the best positioning performance for Galileo and BDS-3. The difference in RMS and convergence time between 2 cm and 15 min can be caused by different precise product selections.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/3/807GNSSPPPconstellation combinationspositioning accuracyconvergence time |
| spellingShingle | Zunyao Hou Feng Zhou Assessing the Performance of Precise Point Positioning (PPP) with the Fully Serviceable Multi-GNSS Constellations: GPS, BDS-3, and Galileo Remote Sensing GNSS PPP constellation combinations positioning accuracy convergence time |
| title | Assessing the Performance of Precise Point Positioning (PPP) with the Fully Serviceable Multi-GNSS Constellations: GPS, BDS-3, and Galileo |
| title_full | Assessing the Performance of Precise Point Positioning (PPP) with the Fully Serviceable Multi-GNSS Constellations: GPS, BDS-3, and Galileo |
| title_fullStr | Assessing the Performance of Precise Point Positioning (PPP) with the Fully Serviceable Multi-GNSS Constellations: GPS, BDS-3, and Galileo |
| title_full_unstemmed | Assessing the Performance of Precise Point Positioning (PPP) with the Fully Serviceable Multi-GNSS Constellations: GPS, BDS-3, and Galileo |
| title_short | Assessing the Performance of Precise Point Positioning (PPP) with the Fully Serviceable Multi-GNSS Constellations: GPS, BDS-3, and Galileo |
| title_sort | assessing the performance of precise point positioning ppp with the fully serviceable multi gnss constellations gps bds 3 and galileo |
| topic | GNSS PPP constellation combinations positioning accuracy convergence time |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/3/807 |
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