Selection of Lunar South Pole Landing Site Based on Constructing and Analyzing Fuzzy Cognitive Maps

The Permanently Shadowed Regions (PSRs) of the lunar south pole have never been directly sampled. To explore and discover lunar resources, the Chinese lunar south pole exploration mission is scheduled to land in direct sunlight near the PSR, where sampling and analysis will be carried out. The selec...

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Main Authors: Yutong Jia, Lei Liu, Xingchen Wang, Ningbo Guo, Gang Wan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2022-09-01
Series:Remote Sensing
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/19/4863
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author Yutong Jia
Lei Liu
Xingchen Wang
Ningbo Guo
Gang Wan
author_facet Yutong Jia
Lei Liu
Xingchen Wang
Ningbo Guo
Gang Wan
author_sort Yutong Jia
collection DOAJ
description The Permanently Shadowed Regions (PSRs) of the lunar south pole have never been directly sampled. To explore and discover lunar resources, the Chinese lunar south pole exploration mission is scheduled to land in direct sunlight near the PSR, where sampling and analysis will be carried out. The selection of sites for lunar landing sampling sites is one of the key steps of the mission. The main factors affecting the site selection are the distribution of PSRs, lunar surface slopes, rock distribution, light intensity, and maximum temperature. In this paper, the main factors affecting site selection are analyzed based on lunar multi-source remote sensing data. Combined with previous engineering constraints, we then propose a comprehensive multi-factor fuzzy cognition and selection model for the lunar south site selection. An analytical model based on a fuzzy cognitive map algorithm is also established. Furthermore, to make a preliminary landing area selection, we determine the evaluation index for the candidate landing areas using fuzzy reasoning. Using the proposed model and combined scoring index, we also verify and analyze the prominent impact craters at the lunar south pole. The scores of de Gerlache (88.48°S 88.34°W), Shackleton (89.67°S 129.78°E), and Amundsen (84.5°S, 82.8°E) craters are determined using fuzzy interference as 0.816, 0.814, and 0.784, respectively. Moreover, using our proposed approach, we identify feasible landing sites around the de Gerlache crater close to the PSR to facilitate discovery of water ice exposures in future missions. The proposed method is capable of evaluating alternative landing zones subject to multiple engineering constraints on the Moon or Mars based on the existing data.
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spelling doaj.art-982f9113968a4c8e85a373df7762d9622023-11-23T21:40:05ZengMDPI AGRemote Sensing2072-42922022-09-011419486310.3390/rs14194863Selection of Lunar South Pole Landing Site Based on Constructing and Analyzing Fuzzy Cognitive MapsYutong Jia0Lei Liu1Xingchen Wang2Ningbo Guo3Gang Wan4Department of Surveying and Mapping and Space Environment, Space Engineering University, Beijing 101407, ChinaDepartment of Surveying and Mapping and Space Environment, Space Engineering University, Beijing 101407, ChinaBei Yan Business School, Hebei Normal University for Nationalities, Chengde 067000, ChinaSpace Information Academic, Space Engineering University, Beijing 101416, ChinaDepartment of Surveying and Mapping and Space Environment, Space Engineering University, Beijing 101407, ChinaThe Permanently Shadowed Regions (PSRs) of the lunar south pole have never been directly sampled. To explore and discover lunar resources, the Chinese lunar south pole exploration mission is scheduled to land in direct sunlight near the PSR, where sampling and analysis will be carried out. The selection of sites for lunar landing sampling sites is one of the key steps of the mission. The main factors affecting the site selection are the distribution of PSRs, lunar surface slopes, rock distribution, light intensity, and maximum temperature. In this paper, the main factors affecting site selection are analyzed based on lunar multi-source remote sensing data. Combined with previous engineering constraints, we then propose a comprehensive multi-factor fuzzy cognition and selection model for the lunar south site selection. An analytical model based on a fuzzy cognitive map algorithm is also established. Furthermore, to make a preliminary landing area selection, we determine the evaluation index for the candidate landing areas using fuzzy reasoning. Using the proposed model and combined scoring index, we also verify and analyze the prominent impact craters at the lunar south pole. The scores of de Gerlache (88.48°S 88.34°W), Shackleton (89.67°S 129.78°E), and Amundsen (84.5°S, 82.8°E) craters are determined using fuzzy interference as 0.816, 0.814, and 0.784, respectively. Moreover, using our proposed approach, we identify feasible landing sites around the de Gerlache crater close to the PSR to facilitate discovery of water ice exposures in future missions. The proposed method is capable of evaluating alternative landing zones subject to multiple engineering constraints on the Moon or Mars based on the existing data.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/19/4863permanently shadowed regions (PSRs)lunar south polelunar resourcesmulti-source remote sensing datalanding and sampling sitesfuzzy cognitive map algorithm
spellingShingle Yutong Jia
Lei Liu
Xingchen Wang
Ningbo Guo
Gang Wan
Selection of Lunar South Pole Landing Site Based on Constructing and Analyzing Fuzzy Cognitive Maps
Remote Sensing
permanently shadowed regions (PSRs)
lunar south pole
lunar resources
multi-source remote sensing data
landing and sampling sites
fuzzy cognitive map algorithm
title Selection of Lunar South Pole Landing Site Based on Constructing and Analyzing Fuzzy Cognitive Maps
title_full Selection of Lunar South Pole Landing Site Based on Constructing and Analyzing Fuzzy Cognitive Maps
title_fullStr Selection of Lunar South Pole Landing Site Based on Constructing and Analyzing Fuzzy Cognitive Maps
title_full_unstemmed Selection of Lunar South Pole Landing Site Based on Constructing and Analyzing Fuzzy Cognitive Maps
title_short Selection of Lunar South Pole Landing Site Based on Constructing and Analyzing Fuzzy Cognitive Maps
title_sort selection of lunar south pole landing site based on constructing and analyzing fuzzy cognitive maps
topic permanently shadowed regions (PSRs)
lunar south pole
lunar resources
multi-source remote sensing data
landing and sampling sites
fuzzy cognitive map algorithm
url https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/19/4863
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AT leiliu selectionoflunarsouthpolelandingsitebasedonconstructingandanalyzingfuzzycognitivemaps
AT xingchenwang selectionoflunarsouthpolelandingsitebasedonconstructingandanalyzingfuzzycognitivemaps
AT ningboguo selectionoflunarsouthpolelandingsitebasedonconstructingandanalyzingfuzzycognitivemaps
AT gangwan selectionoflunarsouthpolelandingsitebasedonconstructingandanalyzingfuzzycognitivemaps