Subspecies-level genome comparison of Lactobacillus delbrueckii
Abstract Lactobacillus delbrueckii comprises six subspecies, L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus, L. delbrueckii subsp. lactis, L. delbrueckii subsp. jakobsenii, L. delbrueckii subsp. delbrueckii, L. delbrueckii subsp. sunkii, and L. delbrueckii subsp. indicus. We investigated the evolution of the six...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Nature Portfolio
2023-02-01
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| Series: | Scientific Reports |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-29404-3 |
| _version_ | 1797864998447349760 |
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| author | Min-gyung Baek Kwan Woo Kim Hana Yi |
| author_facet | Min-gyung Baek Kwan Woo Kim Hana Yi |
| author_sort | Min-gyung Baek |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Lactobacillus delbrueckii comprises six subspecies, L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus, L. delbrueckii subsp. lactis, L. delbrueckii subsp. jakobsenii, L. delbrueckii subsp. delbrueckii, L. delbrueckii subsp. sunkii, and L. delbrueckii subsp. indicus. We investigated the evolution of the six subspecies of L. delbrueckii using comparative genomics. While the defining feature of the species was the gene number increment driven by mobile elements and gene fragmentation, the repertoire of subspecies-specific gene gains and losses differed among the six subspecies. The horizontal gene transfer analyses indicated that frequent gene transfers between different subspecies had occurred when the six subspecies first diverged from the common ancestor, but recent gene exchange was confined to a subspecies implying independent evolution of the six subspecies. The subspecies bulgaricus is a homogeneous group that diverged from the other subspecies a long time ago and underwent convergent evolution. The subspecies lactis, jakobsenii, delbrueckii, and sunkii were more closely related to each other than to other subspecies. The four subspecies commonly show increasing genetic variability with increasing genome size. However, the four subspecies were distinguished by specific gene contents. The subspecies indicus forms a branch distant from the other subspecies and shows an independent evolutionary trend. These results could explain the differences in the habitat and nutritional requirements of the subspecies of L. delbrueckii. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-09T23:01:58Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-98302696a96e4e5ba8a770898217556e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-09T23:01:58Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj.art-98302696a96e4e5ba8a770898217556e2023-03-22T10:57:58ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222023-02-011311910.1038/s41598-023-29404-3Subspecies-level genome comparison of Lactobacillus delbrueckiiMin-gyung Baek0Kwan Woo Kim1Hana Yi2Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, Korea UniversityInterdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, Korea UniversityInterdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, Korea UniversityAbstract Lactobacillus delbrueckii comprises six subspecies, L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus, L. delbrueckii subsp. lactis, L. delbrueckii subsp. jakobsenii, L. delbrueckii subsp. delbrueckii, L. delbrueckii subsp. sunkii, and L. delbrueckii subsp. indicus. We investigated the evolution of the six subspecies of L. delbrueckii using comparative genomics. While the defining feature of the species was the gene number increment driven by mobile elements and gene fragmentation, the repertoire of subspecies-specific gene gains and losses differed among the six subspecies. The horizontal gene transfer analyses indicated that frequent gene transfers between different subspecies had occurred when the six subspecies first diverged from the common ancestor, but recent gene exchange was confined to a subspecies implying independent evolution of the six subspecies. The subspecies bulgaricus is a homogeneous group that diverged from the other subspecies a long time ago and underwent convergent evolution. The subspecies lactis, jakobsenii, delbrueckii, and sunkii were more closely related to each other than to other subspecies. The four subspecies commonly show increasing genetic variability with increasing genome size. However, the four subspecies were distinguished by specific gene contents. The subspecies indicus forms a branch distant from the other subspecies and shows an independent evolutionary trend. These results could explain the differences in the habitat and nutritional requirements of the subspecies of L. delbrueckii.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-29404-3 |
| spellingShingle | Min-gyung Baek Kwan Woo Kim Hana Yi Subspecies-level genome comparison of Lactobacillus delbrueckii Scientific Reports |
| title | Subspecies-level genome comparison of Lactobacillus delbrueckii |
| title_full | Subspecies-level genome comparison of Lactobacillus delbrueckii |
| title_fullStr | Subspecies-level genome comparison of Lactobacillus delbrueckii |
| title_full_unstemmed | Subspecies-level genome comparison of Lactobacillus delbrueckii |
| title_short | Subspecies-level genome comparison of Lactobacillus delbrueckii |
| title_sort | subspecies level genome comparison of lactobacillus delbrueckii |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-29404-3 |
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