Progress on Electrochemical Sensing of Pharmaceutical Drugs in Complex Biofluids
Electrochemical detection, with its advantages of being rapid, multi-time point, compatible with cost-effective fabrication methods, and having the potential for miniaturization and portability, has great promise for point-of-care drug monitoring. However, a continuing challenge concerns the robust...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2023-08-01
|
| Series: | Chemosensors |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9040/11/8/467 |
| _version_ | 1797585192888565760 |
|---|---|
| author | Elain Fu Khadijeh Khederlou Noël Lefevre Stephen A. Ramsey Matthew L. Johnston Lael Wentland |
| author_facet | Elain Fu Khadijeh Khederlou Noël Lefevre Stephen A. Ramsey Matthew L. Johnston Lael Wentland |
| author_sort | Elain Fu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Electrochemical detection, with its advantages of being rapid, multi-time point, compatible with cost-effective fabrication methods, and having the potential for miniaturization and portability, has great promise for point-of-care drug monitoring. However, a continuing challenge concerns the robust and sensitive electrochemical detection of pharmaceutical analytes from biological fluids. These complex matrices, such as saliva, sweat, interstitial fluid, urine, and blood/serum, contain multiple components that can contribute to an increased background or reduced analyte signal. In this mini-review, we discuss progress on electrochemical sensing in complex biofluids. We first introduce the challenge of drug titration in the management of various health conditions and provide an overview of the motivation for improved therapeutic drug monitoring, including current limitations. We then review progress on pharmaceutical drug detection from these biofluids with a focus on sample preprocessing, electrode modification for signal amplification, and/or electrode passivation to minimize fouling. Finally, we highlight promising strategies that have enabled robust drug quantification for clinical relevance and that may be useful for field-use systems. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T00:02:31Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-98349efb87b04d7089cbe7410df6fff4 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2227-9040 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T00:02:31Z |
| publishDate | 2023-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Chemosensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-98349efb87b04d7089cbe7410df6fff42023-11-19T00:38:57ZengMDPI AGChemosensors2227-90402023-08-0111846710.3390/chemosensors11080467Progress on Electrochemical Sensing of Pharmaceutical Drugs in Complex BiofluidsElain Fu0Khadijeh Khederlou1Noël Lefevre2Stephen A. Ramsey3Matthew L. Johnston4Lael Wentland5School of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USASchool of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USASchool of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USASchool of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USASchool of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USASchool of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USAElectrochemical detection, with its advantages of being rapid, multi-time point, compatible with cost-effective fabrication methods, and having the potential for miniaturization and portability, has great promise for point-of-care drug monitoring. However, a continuing challenge concerns the robust and sensitive electrochemical detection of pharmaceutical analytes from biological fluids. These complex matrices, such as saliva, sweat, interstitial fluid, urine, and blood/serum, contain multiple components that can contribute to an increased background or reduced analyte signal. In this mini-review, we discuss progress on electrochemical sensing in complex biofluids. We first introduce the challenge of drug titration in the management of various health conditions and provide an overview of the motivation for improved therapeutic drug monitoring, including current limitations. We then review progress on pharmaceutical drug detection from these biofluids with a focus on sample preprocessing, electrode modification for signal amplification, and/or electrode passivation to minimize fouling. Finally, we highlight promising strategies that have enabled robust drug quantification for clinical relevance and that may be useful for field-use systems.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9040/11/8/467pharmaceutical drugselectrochemical detectiontherapeutic drug monitoringcomplex biofluidscompanion diagnostic |
| spellingShingle | Elain Fu Khadijeh Khederlou Noël Lefevre Stephen A. Ramsey Matthew L. Johnston Lael Wentland Progress on Electrochemical Sensing of Pharmaceutical Drugs in Complex Biofluids Chemosensors pharmaceutical drugs electrochemical detection therapeutic drug monitoring complex biofluids companion diagnostic |
| title | Progress on Electrochemical Sensing of Pharmaceutical Drugs in Complex Biofluids |
| title_full | Progress on Electrochemical Sensing of Pharmaceutical Drugs in Complex Biofluids |
| title_fullStr | Progress on Electrochemical Sensing of Pharmaceutical Drugs in Complex Biofluids |
| title_full_unstemmed | Progress on Electrochemical Sensing of Pharmaceutical Drugs in Complex Biofluids |
| title_short | Progress on Electrochemical Sensing of Pharmaceutical Drugs in Complex Biofluids |
| title_sort | progress on electrochemical sensing of pharmaceutical drugs in complex biofluids |
| topic | pharmaceutical drugs electrochemical detection therapeutic drug monitoring complex biofluids companion diagnostic |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9040/11/8/467 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT elainfu progressonelectrochemicalsensingofpharmaceuticaldrugsincomplexbiofluids AT khadijehkhederlou progressonelectrochemicalsensingofpharmaceuticaldrugsincomplexbiofluids AT noellefevre progressonelectrochemicalsensingofpharmaceuticaldrugsincomplexbiofluids AT stephenaramsey progressonelectrochemicalsensingofpharmaceuticaldrugsincomplexbiofluids AT matthewljohnston progressonelectrochemicalsensingofpharmaceuticaldrugsincomplexbiofluids AT laelwentland progressonelectrochemicalsensingofpharmaceuticaldrugsincomplexbiofluids |