Oxygen uptake (V˙ O2) and pulmonary ventilation (V˙ E) during military surface fin swimming in a swimming flume: Effects of surface immersion
Introduction: During military fin swimming, we suspected that oxygen uptake (V˙ O2) and pulmonary ventilation (V˙ E) might be much higher than expected. In this framework, we compared these variables in the responses of trained military divers during land cycling and snorkeling exercises.Methods: Ei...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-03-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Physiology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2023.1145204/full |
| _version_ | 1811159566024441856 |
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| author | Olivier Castagna Olivier Castagna Jean-Eric Blatteau Arnaud Druelle Jordan Amara Jean-René Lacour |
| author_facet | Olivier Castagna Olivier Castagna Jean-Eric Blatteau Arnaud Druelle Jordan Amara Jean-René Lacour |
| author_sort | Olivier Castagna |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Introduction: During military fin swimming, we suspected that oxygen uptake (V˙ O2) and pulmonary ventilation (V˙ E) might be much higher than expected. In this framework, we compared these variables in the responses of trained military divers during land cycling and snorkeling exercises.Methods: Eighteen male military divers (32.3 ± 4.2 years; 178.0 ± 5.0 cm; 76.4 ± 3.4 kg; 24.1 ± 2.1 kg m-2) participated in this study. They performed two test exercises on two separate days: a maximal incremental cycle test (land condition), and an incremental fin swimming (fin condition) in a motorized swimming flume.Results: The respective fin and landV˙ O2max were 3,701 ± 39 mL min-1 and 4,029 ± 63 mL min-1 (p = 0.07), these values were strongly correlated (r2 = 0.78 p < 0.01). Differences in V˙ O2max between conditions increased relative to l;V˙ O2max (r2 = 0.4 p = 0.01). FinV˙ Emax values were significantly lower than landV˙ Emax values (p = 0.01). This result was related to both the significantly lower fin Vt and f (p < 0.01 and <0.04, respectively). Consequently, the finV˙ Emax/V˙ O2max ratios were significantly lower than the corresponding ratios for land values (p < 0.01), and the fin and landV˙ Emax were not correlated. Other parameters measured at exhaustion—PaO2, PaCO2, and SO2 - were similar in fin and land conditions. Furthermore, no significant differences between land and fin conditions were observed for peak values for heart rate, blood lactate concentration, and respiratory exchange ratio R.Conclusion: Surface immersion did not significantly reduce the V˙ O2max in trained divers relative to land conditions. As long as V˙ O2 remained below V˙ O2max, the V˙ E values were identical in the two conditions. Only at V˙ O2max was V˙ E higher on land. Although reduced by immersion, V˙ Emax provided adequate pulmonary gas exchange during maximal fin swimming. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-10T05:43:20Z |
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| id | doaj.art-9835412a1e4d4c019757b4d20f750e79 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-042X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-10T05:43:20Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
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| series | Frontiers in Physiology |
| spelling | doaj.art-9835412a1e4d4c019757b4d20f750e792023-03-06T05:55:42ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Physiology1664-042X2023-03-011410.3389/fphys.2023.11452041145204Oxygen uptake (V˙ O2) and pulmonary ventilation (V˙ E) during military surface fin swimming in a swimming flume: Effects of surface immersionOlivier Castagna0Olivier Castagna1Jean-Eric Blatteau2Arnaud Druelle3Jordan Amara4Jean-René Lacour5Underwater research team—ERRSO, Military biomedical research institute-IRBA, Toulon, FranceLAMHESS (UPR 6312), Université de Nice, Nice, FranceDepartment of underwater and hyperbaric medicine (SMHEP), Ste Anne military hospital (HIA Ste Anne), Toulon, FranceFrench Navy Diving school, St Mandrier, FranceMilitary Diver Unit, Brest, FranceUniversité Jean Monnet, Ste Etienne, FranceIntroduction: During military fin swimming, we suspected that oxygen uptake (V˙ O2) and pulmonary ventilation (V˙ E) might be much higher than expected. In this framework, we compared these variables in the responses of trained military divers during land cycling and snorkeling exercises.Methods: Eighteen male military divers (32.3 ± 4.2 years; 178.0 ± 5.0 cm; 76.4 ± 3.4 kg; 24.1 ± 2.1 kg m-2) participated in this study. They performed two test exercises on two separate days: a maximal incremental cycle test (land condition), and an incremental fin swimming (fin condition) in a motorized swimming flume.Results: The respective fin and landV˙ O2max were 3,701 ± 39 mL min-1 and 4,029 ± 63 mL min-1 (p = 0.07), these values were strongly correlated (r2 = 0.78 p < 0.01). Differences in V˙ O2max between conditions increased relative to l;V˙ O2max (r2 = 0.4 p = 0.01). FinV˙ Emax values were significantly lower than landV˙ Emax values (p = 0.01). This result was related to both the significantly lower fin Vt and f (p < 0.01 and <0.04, respectively). Consequently, the finV˙ Emax/V˙ O2max ratios were significantly lower than the corresponding ratios for land values (p < 0.01), and the fin and landV˙ Emax were not correlated. Other parameters measured at exhaustion—PaO2, PaCO2, and SO2 - were similar in fin and land conditions. Furthermore, no significant differences between land and fin conditions were observed for peak values for heart rate, blood lactate concentration, and respiratory exchange ratio R.Conclusion: Surface immersion did not significantly reduce the V˙ O2max in trained divers relative to land conditions. As long as V˙ O2 remained below V˙ O2max, the V˙ E values were identical in the two conditions. Only at V˙ O2max was V˙ E higher on land. Although reduced by immersion, V˙ Emax provided adequate pulmonary gas exchange during maximal fin swimming.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2023.1145204/fullfin swimmingoxygen uptakepulmonary ventilationheart ratelactateswim flume |
| spellingShingle | Olivier Castagna Olivier Castagna Jean-Eric Blatteau Arnaud Druelle Jordan Amara Jean-René Lacour Oxygen uptake (V˙ O2) and pulmonary ventilation (V˙ E) during military surface fin swimming in a swimming flume: Effects of surface immersion Frontiers in Physiology fin swimming oxygen uptake pulmonary ventilation heart rate lactate swim flume |
| title | Oxygen uptake (V˙ O2) and pulmonary ventilation (V˙ E) during military surface fin swimming in a swimming flume: Effects of surface immersion |
| title_full | Oxygen uptake (V˙ O2) and pulmonary ventilation (V˙ E) during military surface fin swimming in a swimming flume: Effects of surface immersion |
| title_fullStr | Oxygen uptake (V˙ O2) and pulmonary ventilation (V˙ E) during military surface fin swimming in a swimming flume: Effects of surface immersion |
| title_full_unstemmed | Oxygen uptake (V˙ O2) and pulmonary ventilation (V˙ E) during military surface fin swimming in a swimming flume: Effects of surface immersion |
| title_short | Oxygen uptake (V˙ O2) and pulmonary ventilation (V˙ E) during military surface fin swimming in a swimming flume: Effects of surface immersion |
| title_sort | oxygen uptake v˙ o2 and pulmonary ventilation v˙ e during military surface fin swimming in a swimming flume effects of surface immersion |
| topic | fin swimming oxygen uptake pulmonary ventilation heart rate lactate swim flume |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2023.1145204/full |
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