Low vitamin D concentrations and BMI are causal factors for primary biliary cholangitis: A mendelian randomization study
BackgroundsObservational studies have identified associations between smoking, alcohol use, body mass index (BMI), and the levels of vitamin D with primary biliary cholangitis (PBC). However, there was a lack of randomization control studies to estimate the causal relationship. This study was to inv...
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| Format: | Article |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-12-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Immunology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2022.1055953/full |
| _version_ | 1798004813249642496 |
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| author | Honglin Xu Ziyan Wu Futai Feng Yongzhe Li Shulan Zhang |
| author_facet | Honglin Xu Ziyan Wu Futai Feng Yongzhe Li Shulan Zhang |
| author_sort | Honglin Xu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | BackgroundsObservational studies have identified associations between smoking, alcohol use, body mass index (BMI), and the levels of vitamin D with primary biliary cholangitis (PBC). However, there was a lack of randomization control studies to estimate the causal relationship. This study was to investigate the causal estimates for the effects of those risk factors on PBC.MethodsThe genetic instrument variants were extracted from genome-wide association studies in European ancestry. Two-sample mendelian randomization (MR) and multivariable mendelian randomization were used to determine genetically causal estimates. Primary analyses consisted of random-effects and fix-mode inverse-variance-weighted methods, followed by secondary sensitivity analyses to verify the results.ResultsOur study showed that BMI was a causal factor for PBC (OR 1.35; 95% CI=1.03-1.77; p=0.029). In addition, we found that serum vitamin D levels had a protective effect on PBC after adjusting for BMI (OR 0.51; 95% CI=0.32-0.84; p=0.007). However, we failed to identify evidence supporting that genetic causal effect of smoking and alcohol intake were associated with PBC in European countries.ConclusionOur results enriched findings from previous epidemiology studies and provided evidence from MR that serum vitamin D concentrations and BMI were independent causal factors for PBC, suggesting that ensuing vitamin D sufficiency and healthy lifestyles might be a cost-effective measure for early intervention for PBC. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T12:30:22Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9839b5c384294b8d99566f96eb078709 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-3224 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T12:30:22Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
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| series | Frontiers in Immunology |
| spelling | doaj.art-9839b5c384294b8d99566f96eb0787092022-12-22T04:23:48ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242022-12-011310.3389/fimmu.2022.10559531055953Low vitamin D concentrations and BMI are causal factors for primary biliary cholangitis: A mendelian randomization studyHonglin Xu0Ziyan Wu1Futai Feng2Yongzhe Li3Shulan Zhang4Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID), Ministry of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, ChinaDepartment of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, ChinaDepartment of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID), Ministry of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, ChinaDepartment of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, ChinaDepartment of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID), Ministry of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, ChinaBackgroundsObservational studies have identified associations between smoking, alcohol use, body mass index (BMI), and the levels of vitamin D with primary biliary cholangitis (PBC). However, there was a lack of randomization control studies to estimate the causal relationship. This study was to investigate the causal estimates for the effects of those risk factors on PBC.MethodsThe genetic instrument variants were extracted from genome-wide association studies in European ancestry. Two-sample mendelian randomization (MR) and multivariable mendelian randomization were used to determine genetically causal estimates. Primary analyses consisted of random-effects and fix-mode inverse-variance-weighted methods, followed by secondary sensitivity analyses to verify the results.ResultsOur study showed that BMI was a causal factor for PBC (OR 1.35; 95% CI=1.03-1.77; p=0.029). In addition, we found that serum vitamin D levels had a protective effect on PBC after adjusting for BMI (OR 0.51; 95% CI=0.32-0.84; p=0.007). However, we failed to identify evidence supporting that genetic causal effect of smoking and alcohol intake were associated with PBC in European countries.ConclusionOur results enriched findings from previous epidemiology studies and provided evidence from MR that serum vitamin D concentrations and BMI were independent causal factors for PBC, suggesting that ensuing vitamin D sufficiency and healthy lifestyles might be a cost-effective measure for early intervention for PBC.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2022.1055953/fullprimary biliary cholangitismendelian randomizationgenome-wide association studybody mass indexvitamin D |
| spellingShingle | Honglin Xu Ziyan Wu Futai Feng Yongzhe Li Shulan Zhang Low vitamin D concentrations and BMI are causal factors for primary biliary cholangitis: A mendelian randomization study Frontiers in Immunology primary biliary cholangitis mendelian randomization genome-wide association study body mass index vitamin D |
| title | Low vitamin D concentrations and BMI are causal factors for primary biliary cholangitis: A mendelian randomization study |
| title_full | Low vitamin D concentrations and BMI are causal factors for primary biliary cholangitis: A mendelian randomization study |
| title_fullStr | Low vitamin D concentrations and BMI are causal factors for primary biliary cholangitis: A mendelian randomization study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Low vitamin D concentrations and BMI are causal factors for primary biliary cholangitis: A mendelian randomization study |
| title_short | Low vitamin D concentrations and BMI are causal factors for primary biliary cholangitis: A mendelian randomization study |
| title_sort | low vitamin d concentrations and bmi are causal factors for primary biliary cholangitis a mendelian randomization study |
| topic | primary biliary cholangitis mendelian randomization genome-wide association study body mass index vitamin D |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2022.1055953/full |
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