A Summary of the SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines and Technologies Available or under Development
Since the beginning of 2020, the world has been in a race to develop vaccines that can control the COVID-19 pandemic. More than 250 projects have been initiated for this purpose, but only 14 of them have been authorized for use, despite being in phase 3 clinical trials. More than 40 other vaccines a...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-06-01
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| Series: | Pathogens |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/10/7/788 |
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| author | Zainalabideen A. Abdulla Sharaf M. Al-Bashir Noor S. Al-Salih Ala A. Aldamen Mohammad Z. Abdulazeez |
| author_facet | Zainalabideen A. Abdulla Sharaf M. Al-Bashir Noor S. Al-Salih Ala A. Aldamen Mohammad Z. Abdulazeez |
| author_sort | Zainalabideen A. Abdulla |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Since the beginning of 2020, the world has been in a race to develop vaccines that can control the COVID-19 pandemic. More than 250 projects have been initiated for this purpose, but only 14 of them have been authorized for use, despite being in phase 3 clinical trials. More than 40 other vaccines are also in phase 1/2 clinical trials and show promising outcomes. Regarding the appropriate choice of vaccines for each country or region, we reviewed the currently used vaccines in light of the different influencing parameters. These factors include the mode of action, dosage protocol, age group of the vaccinee, side effects, storage conditions, mounted immune response, and cost. Technically, there are seven types of vaccines developed against SARS-CoV-2: messenger RNA (mRNA), nonreplicating and replicating vectors, inactivated viruses, protein subunits, viral-like particles, DNA vaccines, and live attenuated vaccines. The mRNA type is being used for the first time in humans. Unfortunately, mutated variants of SARS-CoV-2 have started to appear worldwide, and researchers are investigating the effects of the currently used vaccines on them. There are many concerns regarding the long-term protection afforded by these vaccines and their side effects, and whether they require future modifications to be effective against the mutated variants. The development of new vaccines using more advanced technology is paramount for overcoming the difficulties in controlling the COVID-19 pandemic across the world. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T10:10:50Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9846fae9d42e4f71a13f0bfd478a46cb |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-0817 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T10:10:50Z |
| publishDate | 2021-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pathogens |
| spelling | doaj.art-9846fae9d42e4f71a13f0bfd478a46cb2023-11-22T01:13:28ZengMDPI AGPathogens2076-08172021-06-0110778810.3390/pathogens10070788A Summary of the SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines and Technologies Available or under DevelopmentZainalabideen A. Abdulla0Sharaf M. Al-Bashir1Noor S. Al-Salih2Ala A. Aldamen3Mohammad Z. Abdulazeez4Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, Irbid 21163, JordanDepartment of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, Irbid 21163, JordanDepartment of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, Irbid 21163, JordanDepartment of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, Irbid 21163, JordanInternship Program, Princess Basma Teaching Hospital, Irbid 26125, JordanSince the beginning of 2020, the world has been in a race to develop vaccines that can control the COVID-19 pandemic. More than 250 projects have been initiated for this purpose, but only 14 of them have been authorized for use, despite being in phase 3 clinical trials. More than 40 other vaccines are also in phase 1/2 clinical trials and show promising outcomes. Regarding the appropriate choice of vaccines for each country or region, we reviewed the currently used vaccines in light of the different influencing parameters. These factors include the mode of action, dosage protocol, age group of the vaccinee, side effects, storage conditions, mounted immune response, and cost. Technically, there are seven types of vaccines developed against SARS-CoV-2: messenger RNA (mRNA), nonreplicating and replicating vectors, inactivated viruses, protein subunits, viral-like particles, DNA vaccines, and live attenuated vaccines. The mRNA type is being used for the first time in humans. Unfortunately, mutated variants of SARS-CoV-2 have started to appear worldwide, and researchers are investigating the effects of the currently used vaccines on them. There are many concerns regarding the long-term protection afforded by these vaccines and their side effects, and whether they require future modifications to be effective against the mutated variants. The development of new vaccines using more advanced technology is paramount for overcoming the difficulties in controlling the COVID-19 pandemic across the world.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/10/7/788vaccinesSARS-CoV-2COVID-19immune response |
| spellingShingle | Zainalabideen A. Abdulla Sharaf M. Al-Bashir Noor S. Al-Salih Ala A. Aldamen Mohammad Z. Abdulazeez A Summary of the SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines and Technologies Available or under Development Pathogens vaccines SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 immune response |
| title | A Summary of the SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines and Technologies Available or under Development |
| title_full | A Summary of the SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines and Technologies Available or under Development |
| title_fullStr | A Summary of the SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines and Technologies Available or under Development |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Summary of the SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines and Technologies Available or under Development |
| title_short | A Summary of the SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines and Technologies Available or under Development |
| title_sort | summary of the sars cov 2 vaccines and technologies available or under development |
| topic | vaccines SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 immune response |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/10/7/788 |
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