Sodium nitroprusside improved the quality of Radix Saposhnikoviae through constructed physiological response under ecological stress
Abstract The ecological significance of secondary metabolites is to improve the adaptive ability of plants. Secondary metabolites, usually medicinal ingredients, are triggered by unsuitable environment, thus the quality of medicinal materials under adversity being better. The quality of the cultivat...
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| Format: | Article |
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Nature Portfolio
2023-09-01
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| Series: | Scientific Reports |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-43153-3 |
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| author | Xiao-Wen Song Yao Yao Peng-Cheng Yu Wei Zhang Wen-Fei Liu Li-Yang Wang Kai Zhao Jin-Cai Lu Xiang-Cai Meng |
| author_facet | Xiao-Wen Song Yao Yao Peng-Cheng Yu Wei Zhang Wen-Fei Liu Li-Yang Wang Kai Zhao Jin-Cai Lu Xiang-Cai Meng |
| author_sort | Xiao-Wen Song |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract The ecological significance of secondary metabolites is to improve the adaptive ability of plants. Secondary metabolites, usually medicinal ingredients, are triggered by unsuitable environment, thus the quality of medicinal materials under adversity being better. The quality of the cultivated was heavily declined due to its good conditions. Radix Saposhnikoviae, the dried root of Saposhnikovia divaricata (Turcz.) Schischk., is one of the most common botanicals in Asian countries, now basically comes from cultivation, resulting in the market price being only 1/10 to 1/3 of its wild counterpart, so improving the quality of cultivated Radix Saposhnikoviae is of urgency. Nitric oxide (NO) plays a crucial role in generating reactive oxygen species and modifying the secondary metabolism of plants. This study aims to enhance the quality of cultivated Radix Saposhnikoviae by supplementing exogenous NO. To achieve this, sodium nitroprusside (SNP) was utilized as an NO provider and applied to fresh roots of S. divaricata at concentrations of 0.03, 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 mmol/L. This study measured parameters including the activities of antioxidant enzymes, secondary metabolite synthesis enzymes such as phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC), and chalcone synthase (CHS), as well as the contents of NO, superoxide radicals (O2 ·−), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA), and four secondary metabolites. The quality of Radix Saposhnikoviae was evaluated with antipyretic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory effects, and inflammatory factors. As a result, the NO contents in the fresh roots were significantly increased under SNP, which led to a significant increase of O2 ·− , H2O2, and MDA. The activities of important antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POD), were found to increase as well, with their peak levels observed on the 2nd and 3rd days. PAL, ACC, and CHS activities were also significantly enhanced, resulting in the increased secondary metabolite contents of Radix saposhnikoviae in all groups, especially the 0.5 mmol/L SNP. The four active ingredients, prim-O-glucosylcimifugin, cimifugin, 4′-O-β-d-glucosyl-5-O-methylvisamminol, and sec-O-glucosylhamaudol, increased by 88.3%,325.0%, 55.4%, and 283.8%, respectively, on the 3rd day. The pharmaceutical effects of Radix Saposhnikoviae under 0.5 mmol/L SNP were significantly enhanced. Exogenous SNP can induce the physiological response of S. divaricata under adverse conditions and significantly improve the quality of Radix Saposhnikoviae. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T17:57:10Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
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| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T17:57:10Z |
| publishDate | 2023-09-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-984de681ebfe43ca8de6ff3a9b1d89212023-11-20T09:08:43ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222023-09-0113111510.1038/s41598-023-43153-3Sodium nitroprusside improved the quality of Radix Saposhnikoviae through constructed physiological response under ecological stressXiao-Wen Song0Yao Yao1Peng-Cheng Yu2Wei Zhang3Wen-Fei Liu4Li-Yang Wang5Kai Zhao6Jin-Cai Lu7Xiang-Cai Meng8College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese MedicineCollege of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese MedicineCollege of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese MedicineCollege of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese MedicineCollege of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese MedicineCollege of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese MedicineCollege of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese MedicineShenyang Pharmaceutical UniversityCollege of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese MedicineAbstract The ecological significance of secondary metabolites is to improve the adaptive ability of plants. Secondary metabolites, usually medicinal ingredients, are triggered by unsuitable environment, thus the quality of medicinal materials under adversity being better. The quality of the cultivated was heavily declined due to its good conditions. Radix Saposhnikoviae, the dried root of Saposhnikovia divaricata (Turcz.) Schischk., is one of the most common botanicals in Asian countries, now basically comes from cultivation, resulting in the market price being only 1/10 to 1/3 of its wild counterpart, so improving the quality of cultivated Radix Saposhnikoviae is of urgency. Nitric oxide (NO) plays a crucial role in generating reactive oxygen species and modifying the secondary metabolism of plants. This study aims to enhance the quality of cultivated Radix Saposhnikoviae by supplementing exogenous NO. To achieve this, sodium nitroprusside (SNP) was utilized as an NO provider and applied to fresh roots of S. divaricata at concentrations of 0.03, 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 mmol/L. This study measured parameters including the activities of antioxidant enzymes, secondary metabolite synthesis enzymes such as phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC), and chalcone synthase (CHS), as well as the contents of NO, superoxide radicals (O2 ·−), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA), and four secondary metabolites. The quality of Radix Saposhnikoviae was evaluated with antipyretic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory effects, and inflammatory factors. As a result, the NO contents in the fresh roots were significantly increased under SNP, which led to a significant increase of O2 ·− , H2O2, and MDA. The activities of important antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POD), were found to increase as well, with their peak levels observed on the 2nd and 3rd days. PAL, ACC, and CHS activities were also significantly enhanced, resulting in the increased secondary metabolite contents of Radix saposhnikoviae in all groups, especially the 0.5 mmol/L SNP. The four active ingredients, prim-O-glucosylcimifugin, cimifugin, 4′-O-β-d-glucosyl-5-O-methylvisamminol, and sec-O-glucosylhamaudol, increased by 88.3%,325.0%, 55.4%, and 283.8%, respectively, on the 3rd day. The pharmaceutical effects of Radix Saposhnikoviae under 0.5 mmol/L SNP were significantly enhanced. Exogenous SNP can induce the physiological response of S. divaricata under adverse conditions and significantly improve the quality of Radix Saposhnikoviae.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-43153-3 |
| spellingShingle | Xiao-Wen Song Yao Yao Peng-Cheng Yu Wei Zhang Wen-Fei Liu Li-Yang Wang Kai Zhao Jin-Cai Lu Xiang-Cai Meng Sodium nitroprusside improved the quality of Radix Saposhnikoviae through constructed physiological response under ecological stress Scientific Reports |
| title | Sodium nitroprusside improved the quality of Radix Saposhnikoviae through constructed physiological response under ecological stress |
| title_full | Sodium nitroprusside improved the quality of Radix Saposhnikoviae through constructed physiological response under ecological stress |
| title_fullStr | Sodium nitroprusside improved the quality of Radix Saposhnikoviae through constructed physiological response under ecological stress |
| title_full_unstemmed | Sodium nitroprusside improved the quality of Radix Saposhnikoviae through constructed physiological response under ecological stress |
| title_short | Sodium nitroprusside improved the quality of Radix Saposhnikoviae through constructed physiological response under ecological stress |
| title_sort | sodium nitroprusside improved the quality of radix saposhnikoviae through constructed physiological response under ecological stress |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-43153-3 |
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