The First Complete Genome Sequences of Hepatitis C Virus Subtype 2b from Latin America: Molecular Characterization and Phylogeographic Analysis
The hepatitis C virus (HCV) has remarkable genetic diversity and exists as eight genotypes (1 to 8) with distinct geographic distributions. No complete genome sequence of HCV subtype 2b (HCV-2b) is available from Latin American countries, and the factors underlying its emergence and spread within th...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2019-10-01
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| Series: | Viruses |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/11/11/1000 |
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| author | Natália Spitz José J. Barros Kycia M. do Ó Carlos E. Brandão-Mello Natalia M. Araujo |
| author_facet | Natália Spitz José J. Barros Kycia M. do Ó Carlos E. Brandão-Mello Natalia M. Araujo |
| author_sort | Natália Spitz |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The hepatitis C virus (HCV) has remarkable genetic diversity and exists as eight genotypes (1 to 8) with distinct geographic distributions. No complete genome sequence of HCV subtype 2b (HCV-2b) is available from Latin American countries, and the factors underlying its emergence and spread within the continent remain unknown. The present study was conducted to determine the first full-length genomic sequences of HCV-2b isolates from Latin America and reconstruct the spatial and temporal diversification of this subtype in Brazil. Nearly complete HCV-2b genomes isolated from two Brazilian patients were obtained by direct sequencing of long PCR fragments and analyzed together with reference sequences using the Bayesian coalescent and phylogeographic framework approaches. The two HCV-2b genomes were 9318 nucleotides (nt) in length (nt 37−9354). Interestingly, the long RT-PCR technique was able to detect co-circulation of viral variants that contained an in-frame deletion of 2022 nt encompassing E1, E2, and p7 proteins. Spatiotemporal reconstruction analyses suggest that HCV-2b had a single introduction in Brazil during the early 1980s, displaying an epidemic history characterized by a low and virtually constant population size until the present time. These results coincide with epidemiological data in Brazil and may explain the low national prevalence of this subtype. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-20T13:24:57Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9867af23aa594891bf813a895ccf51cf |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4915 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-20T13:24:57Z |
| publishDate | 2019-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Viruses |
| spelling | doaj.art-9867af23aa594891bf813a895ccf51cf2022-12-21T19:39:17ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152019-10-011111100010.3390/v11111000v11111000The First Complete Genome Sequences of Hepatitis C Virus Subtype 2b from Latin America: Molecular Characterization and Phylogeographic AnalysisNatália Spitz0José J. Barros1Kycia M. do Ó2Carlos E. Brandão-Mello3Natalia M. Araujo4Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro RJ 21040-360, BrazilLaboratory of Molecular Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro RJ 21040-360, BrazilViral Hepatitis Advisory Committee of the Ministry of Health, Brasilia DF 70058-900, BrazilGaffrée & Guinle Universitary Hospital, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro State, UNIRIO, Rio de Janeiro RJ 20270-901, BrazilLaboratory of Molecular Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro RJ 21040-360, BrazilThe hepatitis C virus (HCV) has remarkable genetic diversity and exists as eight genotypes (1 to 8) with distinct geographic distributions. No complete genome sequence of HCV subtype 2b (HCV-2b) is available from Latin American countries, and the factors underlying its emergence and spread within the continent remain unknown. The present study was conducted to determine the first full-length genomic sequences of HCV-2b isolates from Latin America and reconstruct the spatial and temporal diversification of this subtype in Brazil. Nearly complete HCV-2b genomes isolated from two Brazilian patients were obtained by direct sequencing of long PCR fragments and analyzed together with reference sequences using the Bayesian coalescent and phylogeographic framework approaches. The two HCV-2b genomes were 9318 nucleotides (nt) in length (nt 37−9354). Interestingly, the long RT-PCR technique was able to detect co-circulation of viral variants that contained an in-frame deletion of 2022 nt encompassing E1, E2, and p7 proteins. Spatiotemporal reconstruction analyses suggest that HCV-2b had a single introduction in Brazil during the early 1980s, displaying an epidemic history characterized by a low and virtually constant population size until the present time. These results coincide with epidemiological data in Brazil and may explain the low national prevalence of this subtype.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/11/11/1000hepatitis c virushcv subtypeslatin americart-pcrfull-length genomebayesian frameworkphylogeography |
| spellingShingle | Natália Spitz José J. Barros Kycia M. do Ó Carlos E. Brandão-Mello Natalia M. Araujo The First Complete Genome Sequences of Hepatitis C Virus Subtype 2b from Latin America: Molecular Characterization and Phylogeographic Analysis Viruses hepatitis c virus hcv subtypes latin america rt-pcr full-length genome bayesian framework phylogeography |
| title | The First Complete Genome Sequences of Hepatitis C Virus Subtype 2b from Latin America: Molecular Characterization and Phylogeographic Analysis |
| title_full | The First Complete Genome Sequences of Hepatitis C Virus Subtype 2b from Latin America: Molecular Characterization and Phylogeographic Analysis |
| title_fullStr | The First Complete Genome Sequences of Hepatitis C Virus Subtype 2b from Latin America: Molecular Characterization and Phylogeographic Analysis |
| title_full_unstemmed | The First Complete Genome Sequences of Hepatitis C Virus Subtype 2b from Latin America: Molecular Characterization and Phylogeographic Analysis |
| title_short | The First Complete Genome Sequences of Hepatitis C Virus Subtype 2b from Latin America: Molecular Characterization and Phylogeographic Analysis |
| title_sort | first complete genome sequences of hepatitis c virus subtype 2b from latin america molecular characterization and phylogeographic analysis |
| topic | hepatitis c virus hcv subtypes latin america rt-pcr full-length genome bayesian framework phylogeography |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/11/11/1000 |
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