Friability of Maize Shoot (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) in Relation to Cell Wall Composition and Physical Properties
Maize (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) is widely cultivated worldwide for food, feed, and fuel uses. Maize forage has become a valuable feed material, and there is much interest in characterizing its friability, as friability may shape feed value through its effect on ingestibility. The objective of...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-06-01
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| Series: | Agriculture |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/12/7/951 |
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| author | Marie Berger Marie-Françoise Devaux Claire Mayer-Laigle Adrien Réau Benoit Delord Fabienne Guillon Cécile Barron |
| author_facet | Marie Berger Marie-Françoise Devaux Claire Mayer-Laigle Adrien Réau Benoit Delord Fabienne Guillon Cécile Barron |
| author_sort | Marie Berger |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Maize (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) is widely cultivated worldwide for food, feed, and fuel uses. Maize forage has become a valuable feed material, and there is much interest in characterizing its friability, as friability may shape feed value through its effect on ingestibility. The objective of this study was to characterize the friability of maize forage based on its milling behavior within a collection of inbred lines of maize. We proposed two friability indexes—Particle Size Reduction (PSR) and Energy Index—and evaluated their ability to discriminate 24 inbred maize lines differing in digestibility. Both the PSR Index and Energy Index effectively highlighted the variability in friability, which could vary by a factor of two regardless of index. These two friability indexes are based on two different milling technologies and therefore on different mechanical stresses inside the mills that could both inform on friability, but on different scales. In order to interpret the observed differences, we characterized the biomass at different scales, from phenotypic observation of the shoot to physical properties of the chopped maize, down to cell wall amount and composition. The friability assessed through these two indexes was mainly inter-correlated: the lower the milling energy, the more friable the fine particles produced. However, we also identified slight differences between the indexes that could be interpreted in relation to structural scale: while the Energy Index primarily informed friability at the cellular scale, the PSR Index also informed friability at the cell wall scale. This study provided key insight into the friability of maize forage and its relation to physical and fiber properties. |
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| id | doaj.art-986a7689d44b48a3b871482ca04faa32 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2077-0472 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T12:23:54Z |
| publishDate | 2022-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Agriculture |
| spelling | doaj.art-986a7689d44b48a3b871482ca04faa322023-11-30T22:36:59ZengMDPI AGAgriculture2077-04722022-06-0112795110.3390/agriculture12070951Friability of Maize Shoot (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) in Relation to Cell Wall Composition and Physical PropertiesMarie Berger0Marie-Françoise Devaux1Claire Mayer-Laigle2Adrien Réau3Benoit Delord4Fabienne Guillon5Cécile Barron6UR1268 BIA, INRAE, 44316 Nantes, FranceUR1268 BIA, INRAE, 44316 Nantes, FranceIATE, University of Montpellier, INRAE, L’institut Agro, Pl. Pierre Viala, 34060 Montpellier, FranceIATE, University of Montpellier, INRAE, L’institut Agro, Pl. Pierre Viala, 34060 Montpellier, FranceLimagrain Europe SAS, 36360 Saint-Beauzire, FranceUR1268 BIA, INRAE, 44316 Nantes, FranceIATE, University of Montpellier, INRAE, L’institut Agro, Pl. Pierre Viala, 34060 Montpellier, FranceMaize (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) is widely cultivated worldwide for food, feed, and fuel uses. Maize forage has become a valuable feed material, and there is much interest in characterizing its friability, as friability may shape feed value through its effect on ingestibility. The objective of this study was to characterize the friability of maize forage based on its milling behavior within a collection of inbred lines of maize. We proposed two friability indexes—Particle Size Reduction (PSR) and Energy Index—and evaluated their ability to discriminate 24 inbred maize lines differing in digestibility. Both the PSR Index and Energy Index effectively highlighted the variability in friability, which could vary by a factor of two regardless of index. These two friability indexes are based on two different milling technologies and therefore on different mechanical stresses inside the mills that could both inform on friability, but on different scales. In order to interpret the observed differences, we characterized the biomass at different scales, from phenotypic observation of the shoot to physical properties of the chopped maize, down to cell wall amount and composition. The friability assessed through these two indexes was mainly inter-correlated: the lower the milling energy, the more friable the fine particles produced. However, we also identified slight differences between the indexes that could be interpreted in relation to structural scale: while the Energy Index primarily informed friability at the cellular scale, the PSR Index also informed friability at the cell wall scale. This study provided key insight into the friability of maize forage and its relation to physical and fiber properties.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/12/7/951energy indexparticle size reduction indexmaizefriabilitymilling |
| spellingShingle | Marie Berger Marie-Françoise Devaux Claire Mayer-Laigle Adrien Réau Benoit Delord Fabienne Guillon Cécile Barron Friability of Maize Shoot (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) in Relation to Cell Wall Composition and Physical Properties Agriculture energy index particle size reduction index maize friability milling |
| title | Friability of Maize Shoot (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) in Relation to Cell Wall Composition and Physical Properties |
| title_full | Friability of Maize Shoot (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) in Relation to Cell Wall Composition and Physical Properties |
| title_fullStr | Friability of Maize Shoot (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) in Relation to Cell Wall Composition and Physical Properties |
| title_full_unstemmed | Friability of Maize Shoot (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) in Relation to Cell Wall Composition and Physical Properties |
| title_short | Friability of Maize Shoot (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) in Relation to Cell Wall Composition and Physical Properties |
| title_sort | friability of maize shoot i zea mays i l in relation to cell wall composition and physical properties |
| topic | energy index particle size reduction index maize friability milling |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/12/7/951 |
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