Association between the Internet Gaming Disorder and Anxiety and Depression among University Students during COVID-19 Pandemic
<b>Introduction</b>: Internet gaming is now a major concern since its overuse has had a detrimental impact on people’s well-being. This study aims to investigate the association between Internet Gaming Disorder and depression, anxiety, and stress, as well as gaming elements during the CO...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-04-01
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| Series: | Healthcare |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9032/11/8/1103 |
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| author | Mohd Fariz Idris Suriati Mohamed Saini Shalisah Sharip Nur Farahaizan Idris Nur Fadilah Ab Aziz |
| author_facet | Mohd Fariz Idris Suriati Mohamed Saini Shalisah Sharip Nur Farahaizan Idris Nur Fadilah Ab Aziz |
| author_sort | Mohd Fariz Idris |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <b>Introduction</b>: Internet gaming is now a major concern since its overuse has had a detrimental impact on people’s well-being. This study aims to investigate the association between Internet Gaming Disorder and depression, anxiety, and stress, as well as gaming elements during the COVID-19 pandemic, among university students. <b>Methods:</b> The cross-sectional study involved 213 students from two different institutions who were randomly selected. The participants were required to complete three sets of online questionnaires via Google Forms. The online questionnaire consists of the Internet Gaming Disorder Scale-Short Form (IGD9-SF) and the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21). <b>Results:</b> The prevalence rate of IGD among university students during the COVID-19 pandemic was 9.86%. Bivariate analysis revealed biological sex (<i>p</i>-value = 0.011), preferred gaming platforms (<i>p</i>-value = <0.001), game gameplay (<i>p</i>-value = 0.03), history of substance use (<i>p</i>-value = <0.001), and stress (<i>p</i>-value = <0.001) to be associated with IGD. Meanwhile, binary logistic regression demonstrated that males have a higher risk of developing IGD compared with females (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 3.426, <i>p</i>-value 0.015, CI = 1.27–9.21). Students who used consoles as their preferred gaming platform were 13 times more likely to develop IGD in comparison to another platform (AOR = 13.031, <i>p</i>-value = 0.010, 95% CI = 1.87–91.02). Extensive gaming duration of more than 4 h a day showed a higher risk of developing IGD (AOR = 8.929, <i>p</i>-value 0.011, CI = 1.659–48.050). High-stress levels significantly increased the risk of IGD (AOR = 13.729, <i>p</i>-value = 0.001, 95% CI = 2.81–67.1). <b>Conclusion:</b> The prevalence of IGD among university students was high during the COVID-19 pandemic. Thus, interventions for reducing stress among university students should be implemented to reduce the risk of IGD. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T04:59:13Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-986a7d741d314e3bb742a8254c9cf24c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2227-9032 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T04:59:13Z |
| publishDate | 2023-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Healthcare |
| spelling | doaj.art-986a7d741d314e3bb742a8254c9cf24c2023-11-17T19:26:30ZengMDPI AGHealthcare2227-90322023-04-01118110310.3390/healthcare11081103Association between the Internet Gaming Disorder and Anxiety and Depression among University Students during COVID-19 PandemicMohd Fariz Idris0Suriati Mohamed Saini1Shalisah Sharip2Nur Farahaizan Idris3Nur Fadilah Ab Aziz4Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob, Kuala Lumpur 56000, MalaysiaDepartment of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob, Kuala Lumpur 56000, MalaysiaDepartment of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob, Kuala Lumpur 56000, MalaysiaPolytechnic Sultan Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Shah, Persiaran Usahawan, Shah Alam 40150, MalaysiaFaculty of Engineering, Tenaga Nasional University, Jalan Ikram-Uniten, Kajang 43000, Malaysia<b>Introduction</b>: Internet gaming is now a major concern since its overuse has had a detrimental impact on people’s well-being. This study aims to investigate the association between Internet Gaming Disorder and depression, anxiety, and stress, as well as gaming elements during the COVID-19 pandemic, among university students. <b>Methods:</b> The cross-sectional study involved 213 students from two different institutions who were randomly selected. The participants were required to complete three sets of online questionnaires via Google Forms. The online questionnaire consists of the Internet Gaming Disorder Scale-Short Form (IGD9-SF) and the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21). <b>Results:</b> The prevalence rate of IGD among university students during the COVID-19 pandemic was 9.86%. Bivariate analysis revealed biological sex (<i>p</i>-value = 0.011), preferred gaming platforms (<i>p</i>-value = <0.001), game gameplay (<i>p</i>-value = 0.03), history of substance use (<i>p</i>-value = <0.001), and stress (<i>p</i>-value = <0.001) to be associated with IGD. Meanwhile, binary logistic regression demonstrated that males have a higher risk of developing IGD compared with females (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 3.426, <i>p</i>-value 0.015, CI = 1.27–9.21). Students who used consoles as their preferred gaming platform were 13 times more likely to develop IGD in comparison to another platform (AOR = 13.031, <i>p</i>-value = 0.010, 95% CI = 1.87–91.02). Extensive gaming duration of more than 4 h a day showed a higher risk of developing IGD (AOR = 8.929, <i>p</i>-value 0.011, CI = 1.659–48.050). High-stress levels significantly increased the risk of IGD (AOR = 13.729, <i>p</i>-value = 0.001, 95% CI = 2.81–67.1). <b>Conclusion:</b> The prevalence of IGD among university students was high during the COVID-19 pandemic. Thus, interventions for reducing stress among university students should be implemented to reduce the risk of IGD.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9032/11/8/1103Internet Gaming DisorderIGDdepressionanxietystressassociated factors |
| spellingShingle | Mohd Fariz Idris Suriati Mohamed Saini Shalisah Sharip Nur Farahaizan Idris Nur Fadilah Ab Aziz Association between the Internet Gaming Disorder and Anxiety and Depression among University Students during COVID-19 Pandemic Healthcare Internet Gaming Disorder IGD depression anxiety stress associated factors |
| title | Association between the Internet Gaming Disorder and Anxiety and Depression among University Students during COVID-19 Pandemic |
| title_full | Association between the Internet Gaming Disorder and Anxiety and Depression among University Students during COVID-19 Pandemic |
| title_fullStr | Association between the Internet Gaming Disorder and Anxiety and Depression among University Students during COVID-19 Pandemic |
| title_full_unstemmed | Association between the Internet Gaming Disorder and Anxiety and Depression among University Students during COVID-19 Pandemic |
| title_short | Association between the Internet Gaming Disorder and Anxiety and Depression among University Students during COVID-19 Pandemic |
| title_sort | association between the internet gaming disorder and anxiety and depression among university students during covid 19 pandemic |
| topic | Internet Gaming Disorder IGD depression anxiety stress associated factors |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9032/11/8/1103 |
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