Characterization of <i>Haemonchus contortus</i> Excretory/Secretory Antigen (ES-15) and Its Modulatory Functions on Goat Immune Cells In Vitro
Small size excretory/secretory (ES) antigens of the <i>Haemonchus contortus</i> parasite have intense interest among researchers for understanding the molecular basis of helminths immune regulation in term of control strategies. Immunomodulatory roles of <i>H. contortus</i> E...
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MDPI AG
2020-02-01
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| Series: | Pathogens |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/9/3/162 |
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| author | Muhammad Ehsan Javaid Ali Gadahi Muhammad Waqqas Hasan Muhammad Haseeb Haider Ali Ruofeng Yan Lixin Xu Xiaokai Song Xing-Quan Zhu Xiangrui Li |
| author_facet | Muhammad Ehsan Javaid Ali Gadahi Muhammad Waqqas Hasan Muhammad Haseeb Haider Ali Ruofeng Yan Lixin Xu Xiaokai Song Xing-Quan Zhu Xiangrui Li |
| author_sort | Muhammad Ehsan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Small size excretory/secretory (ES) antigens of the <i>Haemonchus contortus</i> parasite have intense interest among researchers for understanding the molecular basis of helminths immune regulation in term of control strategies. Immunomodulatory roles of <i>H. contortus</i> ES-15 kDa (HcES-15) on host immune cells during host−parasite interactions are unknown. In this study, the HcES-15 gene was cloned and expression of recombinant protein (rHcES-15) was induced by isopropyl-ß-D-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG). Binding activity of rHcES-15 to goat peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was confirmed by immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and immunohistochemical analysis showed that <i>H. contortus</i> 15 kDa protein localized in the outer and inner structure of the adult worm, clearly indicated as the parasite’s ES antigen. The immunoregulatory role on cytokines production, cell proliferation, cell migration, nitric oxide (NO) production, apoptosis, and phagocytosis were observed by co-incubation of rHcES-15 with goat PBMCs. The results showed that cytokines IL-4, IL-10, IL-17, the production of nitric oxide (NO), PBMCs apoptosis, and monocytes phagocytosis were all elevated after cells incubated with rHcES-15 at differential protein concentrations. We also found that IFN-γ, TGF-β1, cells proliferation and migration were significantly suppressed with the interaction of rHcES-15 protein. Our findings indicated that low molecular ES antigens of <i>H. contortus</i> possessed discrete immunoregulatory roles, which will help to understand the mechanisms involved in immune evasion by the parasite during host−parasite interactions. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T11:14:16Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-0817 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T11:14:16Z |
| publishDate | 2020-02-01 |
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| record_format | Article |
| series | Pathogens |
| spelling | doaj.art-986d701fcd6541b3a2b37db2e1cb665f2022-12-22T04:27:19ZengMDPI AGPathogens2076-08172020-02-019316210.3390/pathogens9030162pathogens9030162Characterization of <i>Haemonchus contortus</i> Excretory/Secretory Antigen (ES-15) and Its Modulatory Functions on Goat Immune Cells In VitroMuhammad Ehsan0Javaid Ali Gadahi1Muhammad Waqqas Hasan2Muhammad Haseeb3Haider Ali4Ruofeng Yan5Lixin Xu6Xiaokai Song7Xing-Quan Zhu8Xiangrui Li9MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, ChinaDepartment of Veterinary Parasitology, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, Sindh 70050, PakistanMOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, ChinaMOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, ChinaMOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, ChinaMOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, ChinaMOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, ChinaMOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, ChinaMOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, ChinaSmall size excretory/secretory (ES) antigens of the <i>Haemonchus contortus</i> parasite have intense interest among researchers for understanding the molecular basis of helminths immune regulation in term of control strategies. Immunomodulatory roles of <i>H. contortus</i> ES-15 kDa (HcES-15) on host immune cells during host−parasite interactions are unknown. In this study, the HcES-15 gene was cloned and expression of recombinant protein (rHcES-15) was induced by isopropyl-ß-D-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG). Binding activity of rHcES-15 to goat peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was confirmed by immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and immunohistochemical analysis showed that <i>H. contortus</i> 15 kDa protein localized in the outer and inner structure of the adult worm, clearly indicated as the parasite’s ES antigen. The immunoregulatory role on cytokines production, cell proliferation, cell migration, nitric oxide (NO) production, apoptosis, and phagocytosis were observed by co-incubation of rHcES-15 with goat PBMCs. The results showed that cytokines IL-4, IL-10, IL-17, the production of nitric oxide (NO), PBMCs apoptosis, and monocytes phagocytosis were all elevated after cells incubated with rHcES-15 at differential protein concentrations. We also found that IFN-γ, TGF-β1, cells proliferation and migration were significantly suppressed with the interaction of rHcES-15 protein. Our findings indicated that low molecular ES antigens of <i>H. contortus</i> possessed discrete immunoregulatory roles, which will help to understand the mechanisms involved in immune evasion by the parasite during host−parasite interactions.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/9/3/162haemonchus contortus15kdagoatpbmcshost–parasite interactionsimmunomodulationcytokines |
| spellingShingle | Muhammad Ehsan Javaid Ali Gadahi Muhammad Waqqas Hasan Muhammad Haseeb Haider Ali Ruofeng Yan Lixin Xu Xiaokai Song Xing-Quan Zhu Xiangrui Li Characterization of <i>Haemonchus contortus</i> Excretory/Secretory Antigen (ES-15) and Its Modulatory Functions on Goat Immune Cells In Vitro Pathogens haemonchus contortus 15kda goat pbmcs host–parasite interactions immunomodulation cytokines |
| title | Characterization of <i>Haemonchus contortus</i> Excretory/Secretory Antigen (ES-15) and Its Modulatory Functions on Goat Immune Cells In Vitro |
| title_full | Characterization of <i>Haemonchus contortus</i> Excretory/Secretory Antigen (ES-15) and Its Modulatory Functions on Goat Immune Cells In Vitro |
| title_fullStr | Characterization of <i>Haemonchus contortus</i> Excretory/Secretory Antigen (ES-15) and Its Modulatory Functions on Goat Immune Cells In Vitro |
| title_full_unstemmed | Characterization of <i>Haemonchus contortus</i> Excretory/Secretory Antigen (ES-15) and Its Modulatory Functions on Goat Immune Cells In Vitro |
| title_short | Characterization of <i>Haemonchus contortus</i> Excretory/Secretory Antigen (ES-15) and Its Modulatory Functions on Goat Immune Cells In Vitro |
| title_sort | characterization of i haemonchus contortus i excretory secretory antigen es 15 and its modulatory functions on goat immune cells in vitro |
| topic | haemonchus contortus 15kda goat pbmcs host–parasite interactions immunomodulation cytokines |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/9/3/162 |
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