Light Quality-Dependent Regulation of Non-Photochemical Quenching in Tomato Plants
Photosynthetic pigments of plants capture light as a source of energy for photosynthesis. However, the amount of energy absorbed often exceeds its utilization, thus causing damage to the photosynthetic apparatus. Plants possess several mechanisms to minimize such risks, including non-photochemical q...
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MDPI AG
2021-07-01
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| Series: | Biology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/10/8/721 |
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| author | Magdalena Trojak Ernest Skowron |
| author_facet | Magdalena Trojak Ernest Skowron |
| author_sort | Magdalena Trojak |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Photosynthetic pigments of plants capture light as a source of energy for photosynthesis. However, the amount of energy absorbed often exceeds its utilization, thus causing damage to the photosynthetic apparatus. Plants possess several mechanisms to minimize such risks, including non-photochemical quenching (NPQ), which allows them to dissipate excess excitation energy in the form of harmless heat. However, under non-stressful conditions in indoor farming, it would be favorable to restrict the NPQ activity and increase plant photosynthetic performance by optimizing the light spectrum. Towards this goal, we investigated the dynamics of NPQ, photosynthetic properties, and antioxidant activity in the leaves of tomato plants grown under different light qualities: monochromatic red (R), green (G), or blue (B) light (L) at 80 µmol m<sup>−2</sup> s<sup>−1</sup> and R:G:B = 1:1:1 (referred to as the white light (WL)) at 120 µmol m<sup>−2</sup> s<sup>−1</sup>. The results confirm that monochromatic BL increased the quantum efficiency of PSII and photosynthetic pigments accumulation. The RL and BL treatments enhanced the NPQ amplitude and showed negative effects on antioxidant enzyme activity. In contrast, plants grown solely under GL or WL presented a lower amplitude of NPQ due to the reduced accumulation of NPQ-related proteins, photosystem II (PSII) subunit S (PsbS), PROTON GRADIENT REGULATION-LIKE1 (PGRL1), cytochrome <i>b</i><sub>6</sub><i>f</i> subunit <i>f</i> (cyt<i>f</i>) and violaxanthin de-epoxidase (VDE). Additionally, we noticed that plants grown under GL or RL presented an increased rate of lipid peroxidation. Overall, our results indicate the potential role of GL in lowering the NPQ amplitude, while the role of BL in the RGB spectrum is to ensure photosynthetic performance and photoprotective properties. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T09:00:34Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-98725eb7635c4a7d80355bbd0fcccc7a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-7737 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T09:00:34Z |
| publishDate | 2021-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biology |
| spelling | doaj.art-98725eb7635c4a7d80355bbd0fcccc7a2023-11-22T06:49:35ZengMDPI AGBiology2079-77372021-07-0110872110.3390/biology10080721Light Quality-Dependent Regulation of Non-Photochemical Quenching in Tomato PlantsMagdalena Trojak0Ernest Skowron1Department of Medical Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, Uniwersytecka 7, 25-406 Kielce, PolandDepartment of Environmental Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, Uniwersytecka 7, 25-406 Kielce, PolandPhotosynthetic pigments of plants capture light as a source of energy for photosynthesis. However, the amount of energy absorbed often exceeds its utilization, thus causing damage to the photosynthetic apparatus. Plants possess several mechanisms to minimize such risks, including non-photochemical quenching (NPQ), which allows them to dissipate excess excitation energy in the form of harmless heat. However, under non-stressful conditions in indoor farming, it would be favorable to restrict the NPQ activity and increase plant photosynthetic performance by optimizing the light spectrum. Towards this goal, we investigated the dynamics of NPQ, photosynthetic properties, and antioxidant activity in the leaves of tomato plants grown under different light qualities: monochromatic red (R), green (G), or blue (B) light (L) at 80 µmol m<sup>−2</sup> s<sup>−1</sup> and R:G:B = 1:1:1 (referred to as the white light (WL)) at 120 µmol m<sup>−2</sup> s<sup>−1</sup>. The results confirm that monochromatic BL increased the quantum efficiency of PSII and photosynthetic pigments accumulation. The RL and BL treatments enhanced the NPQ amplitude and showed negative effects on antioxidant enzyme activity. In contrast, plants grown solely under GL or WL presented a lower amplitude of NPQ due to the reduced accumulation of NPQ-related proteins, photosystem II (PSII) subunit S (PsbS), PROTON GRADIENT REGULATION-LIKE1 (PGRL1), cytochrome <i>b</i><sub>6</sub><i>f</i> subunit <i>f</i> (cyt<i>f</i>) and violaxanthin de-epoxidase (VDE). Additionally, we noticed that plants grown under GL or RL presented an increased rate of lipid peroxidation. Overall, our results indicate the potential role of GL in lowering the NPQ amplitude, while the role of BL in the RGB spectrum is to ensure photosynthetic performance and photoprotective properties.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/10/8/721antioxidant enzymechlorophyll fluorescence quenchingindoor farminglight qualityLEDnon-photochemical quenching |
| spellingShingle | Magdalena Trojak Ernest Skowron Light Quality-Dependent Regulation of Non-Photochemical Quenching in Tomato Plants Biology antioxidant enzyme chlorophyll fluorescence quenching indoor farming light quality LED non-photochemical quenching |
| title | Light Quality-Dependent Regulation of Non-Photochemical Quenching in Tomato Plants |
| title_full | Light Quality-Dependent Regulation of Non-Photochemical Quenching in Tomato Plants |
| title_fullStr | Light Quality-Dependent Regulation of Non-Photochemical Quenching in Tomato Plants |
| title_full_unstemmed | Light Quality-Dependent Regulation of Non-Photochemical Quenching in Tomato Plants |
| title_short | Light Quality-Dependent Regulation of Non-Photochemical Quenching in Tomato Plants |
| title_sort | light quality dependent regulation of non photochemical quenching in tomato plants |
| topic | antioxidant enzyme chlorophyll fluorescence quenching indoor farming light quality LED non-photochemical quenching |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/10/8/721 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT magdalenatrojak lightqualitydependentregulationofnonphotochemicalquenchingintomatoplants AT ernestskowron lightqualitydependentregulationofnonphotochemicalquenchingintomatoplants |