Quantification of Precipitation Using Polarimetric Radar Measurements during Several Typhoon Events in Southern China
Accurate quantitative precipitation estimation (QPE) during typhoon events is critical for flood warning and emergency management. Dual-polarization radar has proven to have better performance for QPE, compared to traditional single-polarization radar. However, polarimetric radar applications have n...
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MDPI AG
2020-06-01
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author | Qiulei Xia Wenjuan Zhang Haonan Chen Wen-Chau Lee Lei Han Yu Ma Xiantong Liu |
author_facet | Qiulei Xia Wenjuan Zhang Haonan Chen Wen-Chau Lee Lei Han Yu Ma Xiantong Liu |
author_sort | Qiulei Xia |
collection | DOAJ |
description | Accurate quantitative precipitation estimation (QPE) during typhoon events is critical for flood warning and emergency management. Dual-polarization radar has proven to have better performance for QPE, compared to traditional single-polarization radar. However, polarimetric radar applications have not been extensively investigated in China, especially during extreme events such as typhoons, since the operational dual-polarization system upgrade only happened recently. This paper extends a polarimetric radar rainfall system for local applications during typhoons in southern China and conducts comprehensive studies about QPE and precipitation microphysics. Observations from S-band dual-polarization radar in Guangdong Province during three typhoon events in 2017 are examined to demonstrate the enhanced radar rainfall performance. The microphysical properties of hydrometeors during typhoon events are analyzed through raindrop size distribution (DSD) data and polarimetric radar measurements. The stratiform precipitation in typhoons presents lower mean raindrop diameter and lower raindrop concentration than that of the convection precipitation. The rainfall estimates from the adapted radar rainfall algorithm agree well with rainfall measurements from rain gauges. Using the rain gauge data as references, the maximum normalized mean bias (<inline-formula> <math display="inline"> <semantics> <mrow> <mi>N</mi> <mi>M</mi> <mi>B</mi> </mrow> </semantics> </math> </inline-formula>) of the adapted radar rainfall algorithm is 20.27%; the normalized standard error (<inline-formula> <math display="inline"> <semantics> <mrow> <mi>N</mi> <mi>S</mi> <mi>E</mi> </mrow> </semantics> </math> </inline-formula>) is less than 40%; and the Pearson’s correlation coefficient (<inline-formula> <math display="inline"> <semantics> <mrow> <mi>C</mi> <mi>C</mi> </mrow> </semantics> </math> </inline-formula>) is higher than 0.92. For the three typhoon events combined, the <inline-formula> <math display="inline"> <semantics> <mrow> <mi>N</mi> <mi>S</mi> <mi>E</mi> </mrow> </semantics> </math> </inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <math display="inline"> <semantics> <mrow> <mi>N</mi> <mi>M</mi> <mi>B</mi> </mrow> </semantics> </math> </inline-formula> are 36.66% and -15.78%, respectively. Compared with several conventional radar rainfall algorithms, the adapted algorithm based on local rainfall microphysics has the best performance in southern China. |
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spelling | doaj.art-9873c1b68a63445ca104e3670e3968a52023-11-20T05:01:58ZengMDPI AGRemote Sensing2072-42922020-06-011212205810.3390/rs12122058Quantification of Precipitation Using Polarimetric Radar Measurements during Several Typhoon Events in Southern ChinaQiulei Xia0Wenjuan Zhang1Haonan Chen2Wen-Chau Lee3Lei Han4Yu Ma5Xiantong Liu6College of Electronic Engineering, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu 610225, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, ChinaNOAA Physical Sciences Laboratory, Boulder, CO 80305, USANational Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO 80301, USACollege of Information Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, ChinaDepartment of Hydraulic Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, ChinaInstitute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration, Guangzhou 510080, ChinaAccurate quantitative precipitation estimation (QPE) during typhoon events is critical for flood warning and emergency management. Dual-polarization radar has proven to have better performance for QPE, compared to traditional single-polarization radar. However, polarimetric radar applications have not been extensively investigated in China, especially during extreme events such as typhoons, since the operational dual-polarization system upgrade only happened recently. This paper extends a polarimetric radar rainfall system for local applications during typhoons in southern China and conducts comprehensive studies about QPE and precipitation microphysics. Observations from S-band dual-polarization radar in Guangdong Province during three typhoon events in 2017 are examined to demonstrate the enhanced radar rainfall performance. The microphysical properties of hydrometeors during typhoon events are analyzed through raindrop size distribution (DSD) data and polarimetric radar measurements. The stratiform precipitation in typhoons presents lower mean raindrop diameter and lower raindrop concentration than that of the convection precipitation. The rainfall estimates from the adapted radar rainfall algorithm agree well with rainfall measurements from rain gauges. Using the rain gauge data as references, the maximum normalized mean bias (<inline-formula> <math display="inline"> <semantics> <mrow> <mi>N</mi> <mi>M</mi> <mi>B</mi> </mrow> </semantics> </math> </inline-formula>) of the adapted radar rainfall algorithm is 20.27%; the normalized standard error (<inline-formula> <math display="inline"> <semantics> <mrow> <mi>N</mi> <mi>S</mi> <mi>E</mi> </mrow> </semantics> </math> </inline-formula>) is less than 40%; and the Pearson’s correlation coefficient (<inline-formula> <math display="inline"> <semantics> <mrow> <mi>C</mi> <mi>C</mi> </mrow> </semantics> </math> </inline-formula>) is higher than 0.92. For the three typhoon events combined, the <inline-formula> <math display="inline"> <semantics> <mrow> <mi>N</mi> <mi>S</mi> <mi>E</mi> </mrow> </semantics> </math> </inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <math display="inline"> <semantics> <mrow> <mi>N</mi> <mi>M</mi> <mi>B</mi> </mrow> </semantics> </math> </inline-formula> are 36.66% and -15.78%, respectively. Compared with several conventional radar rainfall algorithms, the adapted algorithm based on local rainfall microphysics has the best performance in southern China.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/12/2058dual-polarization radarquantitative precipitation estimationtyphoonSouthern China |
spellingShingle | Qiulei Xia Wenjuan Zhang Haonan Chen Wen-Chau Lee Lei Han Yu Ma Xiantong Liu Quantification of Precipitation Using Polarimetric Radar Measurements during Several Typhoon Events in Southern China Remote Sensing dual-polarization radar quantitative precipitation estimation typhoon Southern China |
title | Quantification of Precipitation Using Polarimetric Radar Measurements during Several Typhoon Events in Southern China |
title_full | Quantification of Precipitation Using Polarimetric Radar Measurements during Several Typhoon Events in Southern China |
title_fullStr | Quantification of Precipitation Using Polarimetric Radar Measurements during Several Typhoon Events in Southern China |
title_full_unstemmed | Quantification of Precipitation Using Polarimetric Radar Measurements during Several Typhoon Events in Southern China |
title_short | Quantification of Precipitation Using Polarimetric Radar Measurements during Several Typhoon Events in Southern China |
title_sort | quantification of precipitation using polarimetric radar measurements during several typhoon events in southern china |
topic | dual-polarization radar quantitative precipitation estimation typhoon Southern China |
url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/12/2058 |
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