Impact of the Tumor Microenvironment for Esophageal Tumor Development—An Opportunity for Prevention?
Despite therapeutical advancements, and in contrast to other malignancies, esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) prognosis remains dismal while the incidence has markedly increased worldwide over the past decades. EAC is a malignancy of the distal esophageal squamous epithelium at the squamocolumnar junct...
| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-04-01
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| Series: | Cancers |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/14/9/2246 |
| _version_ | 1797505403312930816 |
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| author | Martin Borgmann Michael Quante |
| author_facet | Martin Borgmann Michael Quante |
| author_sort | Martin Borgmann |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Despite therapeutical advancements, and in contrast to other malignancies, esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) prognosis remains dismal while the incidence has markedly increased worldwide over the past decades. EAC is a malignancy of the distal esophageal squamous epithelium at the squamocolumnar junction with gastric cells expanding into the esophagus. Most EAC patients have a history of Barret’s esophagus (BE), a metaplastic adaption to chronic reflux, initially causing an inflammatory microenvironment. Thus, the immune system is highly involved early on in disease development and progression. Normally, anti-tumor immunity could prevent carcinogenesis but in rare cases BE still progresses over a dysplastic intermediate state to EAC. The inflammatory milieu during the initial esophagitis phase changes to a tolerogenic immune environment in BE, and back to pro-inflammatory conditions in dysplasia and finally to an immune-suppressive tumor microenvironment in EAC. Consequently, there is a huge interest in understanding the underpinnings that lead to the inflammation driven stepwise progression of the disease. Since knowledge about the constellations of the various involved cells and signaling molecules is currently fragmentary, a comprehensive description of these changes is needed, allowing better preventative measures, diagnosis, and novel therapeutic targets. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T04:18:08Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-987cb8dd1c494042902adf685a920c5a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6694 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T04:18:08Z |
| publishDate | 2022-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cancers |
| spelling | doaj.art-987cb8dd1c494042902adf685a920c5a2023-11-23T07:56:58ZengMDPI AGCancers2072-66942022-04-01149224610.3390/cancers14092246Impact of the Tumor Microenvironment for Esophageal Tumor Development—An Opportunity for Prevention?Martin Borgmann0Michael Quante1Department of Internal Medicine II, University Medical Center Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, GermanyDepartment of Internal Medicine II, University Medical Center Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, GermanyDespite therapeutical advancements, and in contrast to other malignancies, esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) prognosis remains dismal while the incidence has markedly increased worldwide over the past decades. EAC is a malignancy of the distal esophageal squamous epithelium at the squamocolumnar junction with gastric cells expanding into the esophagus. Most EAC patients have a history of Barret’s esophagus (BE), a metaplastic adaption to chronic reflux, initially causing an inflammatory microenvironment. Thus, the immune system is highly involved early on in disease development and progression. Normally, anti-tumor immunity could prevent carcinogenesis but in rare cases BE still progresses over a dysplastic intermediate state to EAC. The inflammatory milieu during the initial esophagitis phase changes to a tolerogenic immune environment in BE, and back to pro-inflammatory conditions in dysplasia and finally to an immune-suppressive tumor microenvironment in EAC. Consequently, there is a huge interest in understanding the underpinnings that lead to the inflammation driven stepwise progression of the disease. Since knowledge about the constellations of the various involved cells and signaling molecules is currently fragmentary, a comprehensive description of these changes is needed, allowing better preventative measures, diagnosis, and novel therapeutic targets.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/14/9/2246esophageal adenocarcinomapreventioncarcinogenesistumor microenvironmentBarret’s esophagus |
| spellingShingle | Martin Borgmann Michael Quante Impact of the Tumor Microenvironment for Esophageal Tumor Development—An Opportunity for Prevention? Cancers esophageal adenocarcinoma prevention carcinogenesis tumor microenvironment Barret’s esophagus |
| title | Impact of the Tumor Microenvironment for Esophageal Tumor Development—An Opportunity for Prevention? |
| title_full | Impact of the Tumor Microenvironment for Esophageal Tumor Development—An Opportunity for Prevention? |
| title_fullStr | Impact of the Tumor Microenvironment for Esophageal Tumor Development—An Opportunity for Prevention? |
| title_full_unstemmed | Impact of the Tumor Microenvironment for Esophageal Tumor Development—An Opportunity for Prevention? |
| title_short | Impact of the Tumor Microenvironment for Esophageal Tumor Development—An Opportunity for Prevention? |
| title_sort | impact of the tumor microenvironment for esophageal tumor development an opportunity for prevention |
| topic | esophageal adenocarcinoma prevention carcinogenesis tumor microenvironment Barret’s esophagus |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/14/9/2246 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT martinborgmann impactofthetumormicroenvironmentforesophagealtumordevelopmentanopportunityforprevention AT michaelquante impactofthetumormicroenvironmentforesophagealtumordevelopmentanopportunityforprevention |