Exploring the Three-Dimensional Frontier: Advancements in MSC Spheroids and Their Implications for Breast Cancer and Personalized Regenerative Therapies
To more accurately replicate the in vivo three-dimensional (3D) mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) niche and enhance cellular phenotypes for superior in vivo treatments, MSC functionalization through in vitro 3D culture approaches has gained attention. The organization of MSCs in 3D spheroids results in al...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-12-01
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| Series: | Biomedicines |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/12/1/52 |
| _version_ | 1827369811372408832 |
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| author | Veronika Smolinska Stefan Harsanyi Martin Bohac Lubos Danisovic |
| author_facet | Veronika Smolinska Stefan Harsanyi Martin Bohac Lubos Danisovic |
| author_sort | Veronika Smolinska |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | To more accurately replicate the in vivo three-dimensional (3D) mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) niche and enhance cellular phenotypes for superior in vivo treatments, MSC functionalization through in vitro 3D culture approaches has gained attention. The organization of MSCs in 3D spheroids results in altered cell shape, cytoskeleton rearrangement, and polarization. Investigations have revealed that the survival and secretory capability of MSCs are positively impacted by moderate hypoxia within the inner zones of MSC spheroids. The spheroid hypoxic microenvironment enhances the production of angiogenic and anti-apoptotic molecules, including HGF, VEGF, and FGF-2. Furthermore, it upregulates the expression of hypoxia-adaptive molecules such as CXCL12 and HIF-1, inhibiting MSC death. The current review focuses on the latest developments in fundamental and translational research concerning three-dimensional MSC systems. This emphasis extends to the primary benefits and potential applications of MSC spheroids, particularly in the context of breast cancer and customized regenerative therapies. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T09:58:00Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-98819577370845299de978c18bcc9db2 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2227-9059 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T09:58:00Z |
| publishDate | 2023-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biomedicines |
| spelling | doaj.art-98819577370845299de978c18bcc9db22024-01-29T13:46:46ZengMDPI AGBiomedicines2227-90592023-12-011215210.3390/biomedicines12010052Exploring the Three-Dimensional Frontier: Advancements in MSC Spheroids and Their Implications for Breast Cancer and Personalized Regenerative TherapiesVeronika Smolinska0Stefan Harsanyi1Martin Bohac2Lubos Danisovic3Institute of Medical Biology, Genetics and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Sasinkova 4, 811 08 Bratislava, SlovakiaInstitute of Medical Biology, Genetics and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Sasinkova 4, 811 08 Bratislava, SlovakiaInstitute of Medical Biology, Genetics and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Sasinkova 4, 811 08 Bratislava, SlovakiaInstitute of Medical Biology, Genetics and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Sasinkova 4, 811 08 Bratislava, SlovakiaTo more accurately replicate the in vivo three-dimensional (3D) mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) niche and enhance cellular phenotypes for superior in vivo treatments, MSC functionalization through in vitro 3D culture approaches has gained attention. The organization of MSCs in 3D spheroids results in altered cell shape, cytoskeleton rearrangement, and polarization. Investigations have revealed that the survival and secretory capability of MSCs are positively impacted by moderate hypoxia within the inner zones of MSC spheroids. The spheroid hypoxic microenvironment enhances the production of angiogenic and anti-apoptotic molecules, including HGF, VEGF, and FGF-2. Furthermore, it upregulates the expression of hypoxia-adaptive molecules such as CXCL12 and HIF-1, inhibiting MSC death. The current review focuses on the latest developments in fundamental and translational research concerning three-dimensional MSC systems. This emphasis extends to the primary benefits and potential applications of MSC spheroids, particularly in the context of breast cancer and customized regenerative therapies.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/12/1/52stem cellsMSCs3D modelingspheroidsbreast cancerpersonalized therapy |
| spellingShingle | Veronika Smolinska Stefan Harsanyi Martin Bohac Lubos Danisovic Exploring the Three-Dimensional Frontier: Advancements in MSC Spheroids and Their Implications for Breast Cancer and Personalized Regenerative Therapies Biomedicines stem cells MSCs 3D modeling spheroids breast cancer personalized therapy |
| title | Exploring the Three-Dimensional Frontier: Advancements in MSC Spheroids and Their Implications for Breast Cancer and Personalized Regenerative Therapies |
| title_full | Exploring the Three-Dimensional Frontier: Advancements in MSC Spheroids and Their Implications for Breast Cancer and Personalized Regenerative Therapies |
| title_fullStr | Exploring the Three-Dimensional Frontier: Advancements in MSC Spheroids and Their Implications for Breast Cancer and Personalized Regenerative Therapies |
| title_full_unstemmed | Exploring the Three-Dimensional Frontier: Advancements in MSC Spheroids and Their Implications for Breast Cancer and Personalized Regenerative Therapies |
| title_short | Exploring the Three-Dimensional Frontier: Advancements in MSC Spheroids and Their Implications for Breast Cancer and Personalized Regenerative Therapies |
| title_sort | exploring the three dimensional frontier advancements in msc spheroids and their implications for breast cancer and personalized regenerative therapies |
| topic | stem cells MSCs 3D modeling spheroids breast cancer personalized therapy |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/12/1/52 |
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