The tumor innate immune microenvironment in prostate cancer: an overview of soluble factors and cellular effectors
Prostate cancer (PCa) accounts as the most common non-cutaneous disease affecting males, and as the first cancer, for incidence, in male. With the introduction of the concept of immunoscore, PCa has been classified as a cold tumor, thus driving the attention in the development of strategies aimed at...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Open Exploration Publishing Inc.
2022-10-01
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| Series: | Exploration of Targeted Anti-tumor Therapy |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.explorationpub.com/Journals/etat/Article/1001108 |
| _version_ | 1797989448290402304 |
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| author | Maria Teresa Palano Matteo Gallazzi Martina Cucchiara Federico Dehò Paolo Capogrosso Antonino Bruno Lorenzo Mortara |
| author_facet | Maria Teresa Palano Matteo Gallazzi Martina Cucchiara Federico Dehò Paolo Capogrosso Antonino Bruno Lorenzo Mortara |
| author_sort | Maria Teresa Palano |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Prostate cancer (PCa) accounts as the most common non-cutaneous disease affecting males, and as the first cancer, for incidence, in male. With the introduction of the concept of immunoscore, PCa has been classified as a cold tumor, thus driving the attention in the development of strategies aimed at blocking the infiltration/activation of immunosuppressive cells, while favoring the infiltration/activation of anti-tumor immune cells. Even if immunotherapy has revolutionized the approaches to cancer therapy, there is still a window failure, due to the immune cell plasticity within PCa, that can acquire pro-tumor features, subsequent to the tumor microenvironment (TME) capability to polarize them. This review discussed selected relevant soluble factors [transforming growth factor-beta (TGFβ), interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-10, IL-23] and cellular components of the innate immunity, as drivers of tumor progression, immunosuppression, and angiogenesis within the PCa-TME. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T08:20:32Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-988d7aac011142c2a3b0989f3b11dd14 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2692-3114 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T08:20:32Z |
| publishDate | 2022-10-01 |
| publisher | Open Exploration Publishing Inc. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Exploration of Targeted Anti-tumor Therapy |
| spelling | doaj.art-988d7aac011142c2a3b0989f3b11dd142022-12-22T04:34:59ZengOpen Exploration Publishing Inc.Exploration of Targeted Anti-tumor Therapy2692-31142022-10-013569471810.37349/etat.2022.00108The tumor innate immune microenvironment in prostate cancer: an overview of soluble factors and cellular effectorsMaria Teresa Palano0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0867-9527Matteo Gallazzi1https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6662-9352Martina Cucchiara2https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0030-5149Federico Dehò3https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0453-5710Paolo Capogrosso4https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2347-9504Antonino Bruno5https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4790-0861Lorenzo Mortara6https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4757-7101Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Unit of Molecular Pathology, Biochemistry and Immunology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) MultiMedica, 20138 Milan, ItalyLaboratory of Immunology and General Pathology, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, ItalyLaboratory of Immunology and General Pathology, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, ItalyUnit of Urology, ASST-Sette Laghi, Ospedale di Circolo e Fondazione Macchi, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, ItalyUnit of Urology, ASST-Sette Laghi, Ospedale di Circolo e Fondazione Macchi, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, ItalyLaboratory of Innate Immunity, Unit of Molecular Pathology, Biochemistry and Immunology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) MultiMedica, 20138 Milan, Italy; Laboratory of Immunology and General Pathology, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, ItalyLaboratory of Immunology and General Pathology, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, ItalyProstate cancer (PCa) accounts as the most common non-cutaneous disease affecting males, and as the first cancer, for incidence, in male. With the introduction of the concept of immunoscore, PCa has been classified as a cold tumor, thus driving the attention in the development of strategies aimed at blocking the infiltration/activation of immunosuppressive cells, while favoring the infiltration/activation of anti-tumor immune cells. Even if immunotherapy has revolutionized the approaches to cancer therapy, there is still a window failure, due to the immune cell plasticity within PCa, that can acquire pro-tumor features, subsequent to the tumor microenvironment (TME) capability to polarize them. This review discussed selected relevant soluble factors [transforming growth factor-beta (TGFβ), interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-10, IL-23] and cellular components of the innate immunity, as drivers of tumor progression, immunosuppression, and angiogenesis within the PCa-TME.https://www.explorationpub.com/Journals/etat/Article/1001108prostate cancertumor immune microenvironmentinnate immune cell polarizationcytokines |
| spellingShingle | Maria Teresa Palano Matteo Gallazzi Martina Cucchiara Federico Dehò Paolo Capogrosso Antonino Bruno Lorenzo Mortara The tumor innate immune microenvironment in prostate cancer: an overview of soluble factors and cellular effectors Exploration of Targeted Anti-tumor Therapy prostate cancer tumor immune microenvironment innate immune cell polarization cytokines |
| title | The tumor innate immune microenvironment in prostate cancer: an overview of soluble factors and cellular effectors |
| title_full | The tumor innate immune microenvironment in prostate cancer: an overview of soluble factors and cellular effectors |
| title_fullStr | The tumor innate immune microenvironment in prostate cancer: an overview of soluble factors and cellular effectors |
| title_full_unstemmed | The tumor innate immune microenvironment in prostate cancer: an overview of soluble factors and cellular effectors |
| title_short | The tumor innate immune microenvironment in prostate cancer: an overview of soluble factors and cellular effectors |
| title_sort | tumor innate immune microenvironment in prostate cancer an overview of soluble factors and cellular effectors |
| topic | prostate cancer tumor immune microenvironment innate immune cell polarization cytokines |
| url | https://www.explorationpub.com/Journals/etat/Article/1001108 |
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