Microphysical processes producing high ice water contents (HIWCs) in tropical convective clouds during the HAIC-HIWC field campaign: evaluation of simulations using bulk microphysical schemes
<p>Regions with high ice water content (HIWC), composed of mainly small ice crystals, frequently occur over convective clouds in the tropics. Such regions can have median mass diameters (MMDs) <span class="inline-formula"><300</span> <span class="inline-for...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Copernicus Publications
2021-05-01
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| Series: | Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| Online Access: | https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/21/6919/2021/acp-21-6919-2021.pdf |
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| author | Y. Huang Y. Huang W. Wu G. M. McFarquhar G. M. McFarquhar X. Wang H. Morrison A. Ryzhkov A. Ryzhkov Y. Hu Y. Hu M. Wolde C. Nguyen A. Schwarzenboeck J. Milbrandt A. V. Korolev I. Heckman |
| author_facet | Y. Huang Y. Huang W. Wu G. M. McFarquhar G. M. McFarquhar X. Wang H. Morrison A. Ryzhkov A. Ryzhkov Y. Hu Y. Hu M. Wolde C. Nguyen A. Schwarzenboeck J. Milbrandt A. V. Korolev I. Heckman |
| author_sort | Y. Huang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <p>Regions with high ice water content (HIWC), composed of mainly small ice crystals, frequently occur over convective clouds in the tropics. Such regions can have median mass diameters (MMDs) <span class="inline-formula"><300</span> <span class="inline-formula">µm</span> and equivalent radar reflectivities <span class="inline-formula"><20</span> dBZ. To explore formation mechanisms for these HIWCs, high-resolution simulations of tropical convective clouds observed on 26 May 2015 during the High Altitude Ice Crystals – High Ice Water Content (HAIC-HIWC) international field campaign based out of Cayenne, French Guiana, are conducted using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model with four different bulk microphysics schemes: the WRF single‐moment 6‐class microphysics scheme (WSM6), the Morrison scheme, and the Predicted Particle Properties (P3) scheme with one- and two-ice options. The simulations are evaluated against data from airborne radar and multiple cloud microphysics probes installed on the French Falcon 20 and Canadian National Research Council (NRC) Convair 580 sampling clouds at different heights. WRF simulations with different microphysics schemes generally reproduce the vertical profiles of temperature, dew-point temperature, and winds during this event compared with radiosonde data, and the coverage and evolution of this tropical convective system compared to satellite retrievals. All of the simulations overestimate the intensity and spatial extent of radar reflectivity by over 30 % above the melting layer compared to the airborne X-band radar reflectivity data. They also miss the peak of the observed ice number distribution function for <span class="inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M4" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow><mn mathvariant="normal">0.1</mn><mo><</mo><msub><mi>D</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">max</mi></msub><mo><</mo><mn mathvariant="normal">1</mn></mrow></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="72pt" height="12pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="8f125427e2268911c459c0be74bf28c0"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="acp-21-6919-2021-ie00001.svg" width="72pt" height="12pt" src="acp-21-6919-2021-ie00001.png"/></svg:svg></span></span> mm. Even though the P3 scheme has a very different approach representing ice, it does not produce greatly different total condensed water content or better comparison to other observations in this tropical convective system. Mixed-phase microphysical processes at <span class="inline-formula">−10</span> <span class="inline-formula"><sup>∘</sup></span>C are associated with the overprediction of liquid water content in the simulations with the Morrison and P3 schemes. The ice water content at <span class="inline-formula">−10</span> <span class="inline-formula"><sup>∘</sup></span>C increases mainly due to the collection of liquid water by ice particles, which does not increase ice particle number but increases the mass/size of ice particles and contributes to greater simulated radar reflectivity.</p> |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-17T00:09:56Z |
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| id | doaj.art-989ec9e7aa36467597a7cf977e9a8d83 |
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| issn | 1680-7316 1680-7324 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-17T00:09:56Z |
| publishDate | 2021-05-01 |
| publisher | Copernicus Publications |
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| series | Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| spelling | doaj.art-989ec9e7aa36467597a7cf977e9a8d832022-12-21T22:10:50ZengCopernicus PublicationsAtmospheric Chemistry and Physics1680-73161680-73242021-05-01216919694410.5194/acp-21-6919-2021Microphysical processes producing high ice water contents (HIWCs) in tropical convective clouds during the HAIC-HIWC field campaign: evaluation of simulations using bulk microphysical schemesY. Huang0Y. Huang1W. Wu2G. M. McFarquhar3G. M. McFarquhar4X. Wang5H. Morrison6A. Ryzhkov7A. Ryzhkov8Y. Hu9Y. Hu10M. Wolde11C. Nguyen12A. Schwarzenboeck13J. Milbrandt14A. V. Korolev15I. Heckman16School of Meteorology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USACenter for Analysis and Prediction of Storms (CAPS), University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USACooperative Institute for Mesoscale Meteorological Studies, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USASchool of Meteorology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USACooperative Institute for Mesoscale Meteorological Studies, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USASchool of Meteorology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USAMesoscale and Microscale Meteorology, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USACooperative Institute for Mesoscale Meteorological Studies, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USANOAA/OAR National Severe Storms Laboratory, Norman, OK 73072, USACooperative Institute for Mesoscale Meteorological Studies, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USADepartment of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, ChinaNational Research Council Canada, Ottawa, CanadaNational Research Council Canada, Ottawa, CanadaUniversité Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, UMR 6016, Laboratoire de Météor Physique, Clermont-Ferrand, FranceEnvironment and Climate Change Canada, Dorval, Quebec, CanadaEnvironment and Climate Change Canada, Dorval, Quebec, CanadaEnvironment and Climate Change Canada, Dorval, Quebec, Canada<p>Regions with high ice water content (HIWC), composed of mainly small ice crystals, frequently occur over convective clouds in the tropics. Such regions can have median mass diameters (MMDs) <span class="inline-formula"><300</span> <span class="inline-formula">µm</span> and equivalent radar reflectivities <span class="inline-formula"><20</span> dBZ. To explore formation mechanisms for these HIWCs, high-resolution simulations of tropical convective clouds observed on 26 May 2015 during the High Altitude Ice Crystals – High Ice Water Content (HAIC-HIWC) international field campaign based out of Cayenne, French Guiana, are conducted using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model with four different bulk microphysics schemes: the WRF single‐moment 6‐class microphysics scheme (WSM6), the Morrison scheme, and the Predicted Particle Properties (P3) scheme with one- and two-ice options. The simulations are evaluated against data from airborne radar and multiple cloud microphysics probes installed on the French Falcon 20 and Canadian National Research Council (NRC) Convair 580 sampling clouds at different heights. WRF simulations with different microphysics schemes generally reproduce the vertical profiles of temperature, dew-point temperature, and winds during this event compared with radiosonde data, and the coverage and evolution of this tropical convective system compared to satellite retrievals. All of the simulations overestimate the intensity and spatial extent of radar reflectivity by over 30 % above the melting layer compared to the airborne X-band radar reflectivity data. They also miss the peak of the observed ice number distribution function for <span class="inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M4" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow><mn mathvariant="normal">0.1</mn><mo><</mo><msub><mi>D</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">max</mi></msub><mo><</mo><mn mathvariant="normal">1</mn></mrow></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="72pt" height="12pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="8f125427e2268911c459c0be74bf28c0"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="acp-21-6919-2021-ie00001.svg" width="72pt" height="12pt" src="acp-21-6919-2021-ie00001.png"/></svg:svg></span></span> mm. Even though the P3 scheme has a very different approach representing ice, it does not produce greatly different total condensed water content or better comparison to other observations in this tropical convective system. Mixed-phase microphysical processes at <span class="inline-formula">−10</span> <span class="inline-formula"><sup>∘</sup></span>C are associated with the overprediction of liquid water content in the simulations with the Morrison and P3 schemes. The ice water content at <span class="inline-formula">−10</span> <span class="inline-formula"><sup>∘</sup></span>C increases mainly due to the collection of liquid water by ice particles, which does not increase ice particle number but increases the mass/size of ice particles and contributes to greater simulated radar reflectivity.</p>https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/21/6919/2021/acp-21-6919-2021.pdf |
| spellingShingle | Y. Huang Y. Huang W. Wu G. M. McFarquhar G. M. McFarquhar X. Wang H. Morrison A. Ryzhkov A. Ryzhkov Y. Hu Y. Hu M. Wolde C. Nguyen A. Schwarzenboeck J. Milbrandt A. V. Korolev I. Heckman Microphysical processes producing high ice water contents (HIWCs) in tropical convective clouds during the HAIC-HIWC field campaign: evaluation of simulations using bulk microphysical schemes Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| title | Microphysical processes producing high ice water contents (HIWCs) in tropical convective clouds during the HAIC-HIWC field campaign: evaluation of simulations using bulk microphysical schemes |
| title_full | Microphysical processes producing high ice water contents (HIWCs) in tropical convective clouds during the HAIC-HIWC field campaign: evaluation of simulations using bulk microphysical schemes |
| title_fullStr | Microphysical processes producing high ice water contents (HIWCs) in tropical convective clouds during the HAIC-HIWC field campaign: evaluation of simulations using bulk microphysical schemes |
| title_full_unstemmed | Microphysical processes producing high ice water contents (HIWCs) in tropical convective clouds during the HAIC-HIWC field campaign: evaluation of simulations using bulk microphysical schemes |
| title_short | Microphysical processes producing high ice water contents (HIWCs) in tropical convective clouds during the HAIC-HIWC field campaign: evaluation of simulations using bulk microphysical schemes |
| title_sort | microphysical processes producing high ice water contents hiwcs in tropical convective clouds during the haic hiwc field campaign evaluation of simulations using bulk microphysical schemes |
| url | https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/21/6919/2021/acp-21-6919-2021.pdf |
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