Effects of pretreatment with medetomidine, midazolam, ketamine, and their combinations on stress-related hormonal and metabolic responses in isoflurane-anesthetized cats undergoing surgery
Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of pretreatment with medetomidine (Me), midazolam (Mi), and ketamine (Ke) on stress-related neurohormonal and metabolic responses in isoflurane-anesthetized cats undergoing ovariohysterectomy and castration. Materials and Methods: We p...
| Main Authors: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Network for the Veterinarians of Bangladesh
2021-12-01
|
| Series: | Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.ejmanager.com/fulltextpdf.php?mno=117016 |
| _version_ | 1819098248240955392 |
|---|---|
| author | Hirokazu Kamohara Toshiko Kamohara Yoshiaki Hikasa |
| author_facet | Hirokazu Kamohara Toshiko Kamohara Yoshiaki Hikasa |
| author_sort | Hirokazu Kamohara |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of pretreatment with medetomidine (Me), midazolam (Mi), and ketamine (Ke) on stress-related neurohormonal and metabolic responses in isoflurane-anesthetized cats undergoing ovariohysterectomy and castration.
Materials and Methods: We prospectively recruited 112 client-owned healthy mixed-breed cats. In both surgeries, we divided the cats into seven groups (eight cats per group): non-treatment (control), Me (50 μg/kg), Mi (0.5 mg/kg), Ke (5 mg/kg), Me + Mi, Me + Ke and Me + Mi + Ke administered intramuscularly. After pretreatments, we maintained anesthesia with isoflurane and oxygen. Venous blood was taken before pretreatment, pre- and post-operatively during anesthesia, and at early- and complete-recovery.
Results: Both plasma adrenaline and noradrenaline were reduced during anesthesia in all groups. Plasma cortisol increased during anesthesia and at early recovery in non-Me-treated groups, whereas it decreased in Me-treated groups in both surgeries. Plasma insulin and non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) decreased, and glucose increased during anesthesia in all groups, but hyperglycemia and decrease in NEFA were greater in Me-treated groups.
Conclusions: In isoflurane-anesthetized cats undergoing surgeries, premedication with Me alone and in combination is useful for reducing the perioperative stress-related increase in cortisol and catecholamines except for hyperglycemia. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2021; 8(4.000): 563-575] |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-22T00:27:58Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-98a060810c744147a9c1f3fdf1c2daa4 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2311-7710 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-22T00:27:58Z |
| publishDate | 2021-12-01 |
| publisher | Network for the Veterinarians of Bangladesh |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research |
| spelling | doaj.art-98a060810c744147a9c1f3fdf1c2daa42022-12-21T18:45:01ZengNetwork for the Veterinarians of BangladeshJournal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research2311-77102021-12-018456357510.5455/javar.2021.h546117016Effects of pretreatment with medetomidine, midazolam, ketamine, and their combinations on stress-related hormonal and metabolic responses in isoflurane-anesthetized cats undergoing surgeryHirokazu Kamohara0Toshiko Kamohara1Yoshiaki Hikasa2Kamohara Animal Hospital, Kochi-shi, Japan Kamohara Animal Hospital, Kochi-shi, Japan Joint Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori-shi, Japan.Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of pretreatment with medetomidine (Me), midazolam (Mi), and ketamine (Ke) on stress-related neurohormonal and metabolic responses in isoflurane-anesthetized cats undergoing ovariohysterectomy and castration. Materials and Methods: We prospectively recruited 112 client-owned healthy mixed-breed cats. In both surgeries, we divided the cats into seven groups (eight cats per group): non-treatment (control), Me (50 μg/kg), Mi (0.5 mg/kg), Ke (5 mg/kg), Me + Mi, Me + Ke and Me + Mi + Ke administered intramuscularly. After pretreatments, we maintained anesthesia with isoflurane and oxygen. Venous blood was taken before pretreatment, pre- and post-operatively during anesthesia, and at early- and complete-recovery. Results: Both plasma adrenaline and noradrenaline were reduced during anesthesia in all groups. Plasma cortisol increased during anesthesia and at early recovery in non-Me-treated groups, whereas it decreased in Me-treated groups in both surgeries. Plasma insulin and non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) decreased, and glucose increased during anesthesia in all groups, but hyperglycemia and decrease in NEFA were greater in Me-treated groups. Conclusions: In isoflurane-anesthetized cats undergoing surgeries, premedication with Me alone and in combination is useful for reducing the perioperative stress-related increase in cortisol and catecholamines except for hyperglycemia. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2021; 8(4.000): 563-575]http://www.ejmanager.com/fulltextpdf.php?mno=117016cat; isoflurane; ketamine; medetomidine; midazolam; stress hormone |
| spellingShingle | Hirokazu Kamohara Toshiko Kamohara Yoshiaki Hikasa Effects of pretreatment with medetomidine, midazolam, ketamine, and their combinations on stress-related hormonal and metabolic responses in isoflurane-anesthetized cats undergoing surgery Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research cat; isoflurane; ketamine; medetomidine; midazolam; stress hormone |
| title | Effects of pretreatment with medetomidine, midazolam, ketamine, and their combinations on stress-related hormonal and metabolic responses in isoflurane-anesthetized cats undergoing surgery |
| title_full | Effects of pretreatment with medetomidine, midazolam, ketamine, and their combinations on stress-related hormonal and metabolic responses in isoflurane-anesthetized cats undergoing surgery |
| title_fullStr | Effects of pretreatment with medetomidine, midazolam, ketamine, and their combinations on stress-related hormonal and metabolic responses in isoflurane-anesthetized cats undergoing surgery |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of pretreatment with medetomidine, midazolam, ketamine, and their combinations on stress-related hormonal and metabolic responses in isoflurane-anesthetized cats undergoing surgery |
| title_short | Effects of pretreatment with medetomidine, midazolam, ketamine, and their combinations on stress-related hormonal and metabolic responses in isoflurane-anesthetized cats undergoing surgery |
| title_sort | effects of pretreatment with medetomidine midazolam ketamine and their combinations on stress related hormonal and metabolic responses in isoflurane anesthetized cats undergoing surgery |
| topic | cat; isoflurane; ketamine; medetomidine; midazolam; stress hormone |
| url | http://www.ejmanager.com/fulltextpdf.php?mno=117016 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT hirokazukamohara effectsofpretreatmentwithmedetomidinemidazolamketamineandtheircombinationsonstressrelatedhormonalandmetabolicresponsesinisofluraneanesthetizedcatsundergoingsurgery AT toshikokamohara effectsofpretreatmentwithmedetomidinemidazolamketamineandtheircombinationsonstressrelatedhormonalandmetabolicresponsesinisofluraneanesthetizedcatsundergoingsurgery AT yoshiakihikasa effectsofpretreatmentwithmedetomidinemidazolamketamineandtheircombinationsonstressrelatedhormonalandmetabolicresponsesinisofluraneanesthetizedcatsundergoingsurgery |