Mycotoxins—Biomonitoring and Human Exposure
Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by fungal species that commonly have a toxic effect on human and animal health. Different foodstuff can be contaminated and are considered the major source of human exposure to mycotoxins, but occupational and environmental exposure can also significantl...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-02-01
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| Series: | Toxins |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/13/2/113 |
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| author | Kristina Habschied Gabriella Kanižai Šarić Vinko Krstanović Krešimir Mastanjević |
| author_facet | Kristina Habschied Gabriella Kanižai Šarić Vinko Krstanović Krešimir Mastanjević |
| author_sort | Kristina Habschied |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by fungal species that commonly have a toxic effect on human and animal health. Different foodstuff can be contaminated and are considered the major source of human exposure to mycotoxins, but occupational and environmental exposure can also significantly contribute to this problem. This review aims to provide a short overview of the occurrence of toxigenic fungi and regulated mycotoxins in foods and workplaces, following the current literature and data presented in scientific papers. Biomonitoring of mycotoxins in plasma, serum, urine, and blood samples has become a common method for determining the exposure to different mycotoxins. Novel techniques are more and more precise and accurate and are aiming toward the simultaneous determination of multiple mycotoxins in one analysis. Application of liquid chromatography (LC) methodologies, coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) or high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) has become a common and most reliable method for determining the exposure to mycotoxins. Numerous references confirm the importance of mycotoxin biomonitoring to assess the exposure for humans and animals. The objectives of this paper were to review the general approaches to biomonitoring of different mycotoxins and the occurrence of toxigenic fungi and their mycotoxins, using recent literature sources. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T05:50:28Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-98a0cf37863d41149c4d23a087a5de2a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6651 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T05:50:28Z |
| publishDate | 2021-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Toxins |
| spelling | doaj.art-98a0cf37863d41149c4d23a087a5de2a2023-12-03T12:18:13ZengMDPI AGToxins2072-66512021-02-0113211310.3390/toxins13020113Mycotoxins—Biomonitoring and Human ExposureKristina Habschied0Gabriella Kanižai Šarić1Vinko Krstanović2Krešimir Mastanjević3Department of Process Engineering, Faculty of Food Technology Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, CroatiaDepartment of Agroecology and Environment Protection, Faculty of Agrobiotechnical Sciences Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, CroatiaDepartment of Process Engineering, Faculty of Food Technology Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, CroatiaDepartment of Process Engineering, Faculty of Food Technology Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, CroatiaMycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by fungal species that commonly have a toxic effect on human and animal health. Different foodstuff can be contaminated and are considered the major source of human exposure to mycotoxins, but occupational and environmental exposure can also significantly contribute to this problem. This review aims to provide a short overview of the occurrence of toxigenic fungi and regulated mycotoxins in foods and workplaces, following the current literature and data presented in scientific papers. Biomonitoring of mycotoxins in plasma, serum, urine, and blood samples has become a common method for determining the exposure to different mycotoxins. Novel techniques are more and more precise and accurate and are aiming toward the simultaneous determination of multiple mycotoxins in one analysis. Application of liquid chromatography (LC) methodologies, coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) or high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) has become a common and most reliable method for determining the exposure to mycotoxins. Numerous references confirm the importance of mycotoxin biomonitoring to assess the exposure for humans and animals. The objectives of this paper were to review the general approaches to biomonitoring of different mycotoxins and the occurrence of toxigenic fungi and their mycotoxins, using recent literature sources.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/13/2/113mycotoxinsbiomonitoringhuman healthexposure |
| spellingShingle | Kristina Habschied Gabriella Kanižai Šarić Vinko Krstanović Krešimir Mastanjević Mycotoxins—Biomonitoring and Human Exposure Toxins mycotoxins biomonitoring human health exposure |
| title | Mycotoxins—Biomonitoring and Human Exposure |
| title_full | Mycotoxins—Biomonitoring and Human Exposure |
| title_fullStr | Mycotoxins—Biomonitoring and Human Exposure |
| title_full_unstemmed | Mycotoxins—Biomonitoring and Human Exposure |
| title_short | Mycotoxins—Biomonitoring and Human Exposure |
| title_sort | mycotoxins biomonitoring and human exposure |
| topic | mycotoxins biomonitoring human health exposure |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/13/2/113 |
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