Contextual Regulation of TGF-β Signaling in Liver Cancer
Primary liver cancer is one of the leading causes for cancer-related death worldwide. Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) is a pleiotropic cytokine that signals through membrane receptors and intracellular Smad proteins, which enter the nucleus upon receptor activation and act as transc...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2019-10-01
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| Series: | Cells |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/8/10/1235 |
| _version_ | 1797766186362994688 |
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| author | Shuo Tu Wei Huang Chunhong Huang Zhijun Luo Xiaohua Yan |
| author_facet | Shuo Tu Wei Huang Chunhong Huang Zhijun Luo Xiaohua Yan |
| author_sort | Shuo Tu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Primary liver cancer is one of the leading causes for cancer-related death worldwide. Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) is a pleiotropic cytokine that signals through membrane receptors and intracellular Smad proteins, which enter the nucleus upon receptor activation and act as transcription factors. TGF-β inhibits liver tumorigenesis in the early stage by inducing cytostasis and apoptosis, but promotes malignant progression in more advanced stages by enhancing cancer cell survival, EMT, migration, invasion and finally metastasis. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underpinning the multi-faceted roles of TGF-β in liver cancer has become a persistent pursuit during the last two decades. Contextual regulation fine-tunes the robustness, duration and plasticity of TGF-β signaling, yielding versatile albeit specific responses. This involves multiple feedback and feed-forward regulatory loops and also the interplay between Smad signaling and non-Smad pathways. This review summarizes the known regulatory mechanisms of TGF-β signaling in liver cancer, and how they channel, skew and even switch the actions of TGF-β during cancer progression. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T20:21:35Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-98a487eebdba4ee99daa93196b6b595d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4409 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T20:21:35Z |
| publishDate | 2019-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cells |
| spelling | doaj.art-98a487eebdba4ee99daa93196b6b595d2023-08-02T00:54:55ZengMDPI AGCells2073-44092019-10-01810123510.3390/cells8101235cells8101235Contextual Regulation of TGF-β Signaling in Liver CancerShuo Tu0Wei Huang1Chunhong Huang2Zhijun Luo3Xiaohua Yan4Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, ChinaDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, ChinaDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, ChinaDepartment of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, ChinaDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, ChinaPrimary liver cancer is one of the leading causes for cancer-related death worldwide. Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) is a pleiotropic cytokine that signals through membrane receptors and intracellular Smad proteins, which enter the nucleus upon receptor activation and act as transcription factors. TGF-β inhibits liver tumorigenesis in the early stage by inducing cytostasis and apoptosis, but promotes malignant progression in more advanced stages by enhancing cancer cell survival, EMT, migration, invasion and finally metastasis. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underpinning the multi-faceted roles of TGF-β in liver cancer has become a persistent pursuit during the last two decades. Contextual regulation fine-tunes the robustness, duration and plasticity of TGF-β signaling, yielding versatile albeit specific responses. This involves multiple feedback and feed-forward regulatory loops and also the interplay between Smad signaling and non-Smad pathways. This review summarizes the known regulatory mechanisms of TGF-β signaling in liver cancer, and how they channel, skew and even switch the actions of TGF-β during cancer progression.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/8/10/1235tgf-β signalingsmadcontextual regulationliver cancerhepatocellular carcinomacytostasis |
| spellingShingle | Shuo Tu Wei Huang Chunhong Huang Zhijun Luo Xiaohua Yan Contextual Regulation of TGF-β Signaling in Liver Cancer Cells tgf-β signaling smad contextual regulation liver cancer hepatocellular carcinoma cytostasis |
| title | Contextual Regulation of TGF-β Signaling in Liver Cancer |
| title_full | Contextual Regulation of TGF-β Signaling in Liver Cancer |
| title_fullStr | Contextual Regulation of TGF-β Signaling in Liver Cancer |
| title_full_unstemmed | Contextual Regulation of TGF-β Signaling in Liver Cancer |
| title_short | Contextual Regulation of TGF-β Signaling in Liver Cancer |
| title_sort | contextual regulation of tgf β signaling in liver cancer |
| topic | tgf-β signaling smad contextual regulation liver cancer hepatocellular carcinoma cytostasis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/8/10/1235 |
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