Effects of Nut Consumption on Blood Lipids and Lipoproteins: A Comprehensive Literature Update
In the present review, we provide a comprehensive narrative overview of the current knowledge on the effects of total and specific types of nut consumption (excluding nut oil) on blood lipids and lipoproteins. We identified a total of 19 systematic reviews and meta-analyses of randomized controlled...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2023-01-01
|
| Series: | Nutrients |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/15/3/596 |
| _version_ | 1797623556033478656 |
|---|---|
| author | Marta Guasch-Ferré Anne-Julie Tessier Kristina S. Petersen Philip A. Sapp Linda C. Tapsell Jordi Salas-Salvadó Emilio Ros Penny M. Kris-Etherton |
| author_facet | Marta Guasch-Ferré Anne-Julie Tessier Kristina S. Petersen Philip A. Sapp Linda C. Tapsell Jordi Salas-Salvadó Emilio Ros Penny M. Kris-Etherton |
| author_sort | Marta Guasch-Ferré |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In the present review, we provide a comprehensive narrative overview of the current knowledge on the effects of total and specific types of nut consumption (excluding nut oil) on blood lipids and lipoproteins. We identified a total of 19 systematic reviews and meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that were available in PubMed from the inception date to November 2022. A consistent beneficial effect of most nuts, namely total nuts and tree nuts, including walnuts, almonds, cashews, peanuts, and pistachios, has been reported across meta-analyses in decreasing total cholesterol (mean difference, MD, −0.09 to −0.28 mmol/L), LDL-cholesterol (MD, −0.09 to −0.26 mmol/L), and triglycerides (MD, −0.05 to −0.17 mmol/L). However, no effects on HDL-cholesterol have been uncovered. Preliminary evidence indicates that adding nuts into the regular diet reduces blood levels of apolipoprotein B and improves HDL function. There is also evidence that nuts dose-dependently improve lipids and lipoproteins. Sex, age, or nut processing are not effect modifiers, while a lower BMI and higher baseline lipid concentrations enhance blood lipid/lipoprotein responses. While research is still emerging, the evidence thus far indicates that nut-enriched diets are associated with a reduced number of total LDL particles and small, dense LDL particles. In conclusion, evidence from clinical trials has shown that the consumption of total and specific nuts improves blood lipid profiles by multiple mechanisms. Future directions in this field should include more lipoprotein particle, apolipoprotein B, and HDL function studies. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:30:36Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-98a5b344ea894e1d9b413ee4038673f1 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6643 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:30:36Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nutrients |
| spelling | doaj.art-98a5b344ea894e1d9b413ee4038673f12023-11-16T17:39:10ZengMDPI AGNutrients2072-66432023-01-0115359610.3390/nu15030596Effects of Nut Consumption on Blood Lipids and Lipoproteins: A Comprehensive Literature UpdateMarta Guasch-Ferré0Anne-Julie Tessier1Kristina S. Petersen2Philip A. Sapp3Linda C. Tapsell4Jordi Salas-Salvadó5Emilio Ros6Penny M. Kris-Etherton7Department of Public Health, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1014 Copenhagen, DenmarkDepartment of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USADepartment of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USADepartment of Nutritional Sciences, Penn State University, State College, PA 16802, USAFaculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, AustraliaUnitat de Nutrició Humana, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43204 Reus, SpainConsorcio Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red CIBER, Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, SpainDepartment of Nutritional Sciences, Penn State University, State College, PA 16802, USAIn the present review, we provide a comprehensive narrative overview of the current knowledge on the effects of total and specific types of nut consumption (excluding nut oil) on blood lipids and lipoproteins. We identified a total of 19 systematic reviews and meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that were available in PubMed from the inception date to November 2022. A consistent beneficial effect of most nuts, namely total nuts and tree nuts, including walnuts, almonds, cashews, peanuts, and pistachios, has been reported across meta-analyses in decreasing total cholesterol (mean difference, MD, −0.09 to −0.28 mmol/L), LDL-cholesterol (MD, −0.09 to −0.26 mmol/L), and triglycerides (MD, −0.05 to −0.17 mmol/L). However, no effects on HDL-cholesterol have been uncovered. Preliminary evidence indicates that adding nuts into the regular diet reduces blood levels of apolipoprotein B and improves HDL function. There is also evidence that nuts dose-dependently improve lipids and lipoproteins. Sex, age, or nut processing are not effect modifiers, while a lower BMI and higher baseline lipid concentrations enhance blood lipid/lipoprotein responses. While research is still emerging, the evidence thus far indicates that nut-enriched diets are associated with a reduced number of total LDL particles and small, dense LDL particles. In conclusion, evidence from clinical trials has shown that the consumption of total and specific nuts improves blood lipid profiles by multiple mechanisms. Future directions in this field should include more lipoprotein particle, apolipoprotein B, and HDL function studies.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/15/3/596nutscholesterollipidsapolipoproteins |
| spellingShingle | Marta Guasch-Ferré Anne-Julie Tessier Kristina S. Petersen Philip A. Sapp Linda C. Tapsell Jordi Salas-Salvadó Emilio Ros Penny M. Kris-Etherton Effects of Nut Consumption on Blood Lipids and Lipoproteins: A Comprehensive Literature Update Nutrients nuts cholesterol lipids apolipoproteins |
| title | Effects of Nut Consumption on Blood Lipids and Lipoproteins: A Comprehensive Literature Update |
| title_full | Effects of Nut Consumption on Blood Lipids and Lipoproteins: A Comprehensive Literature Update |
| title_fullStr | Effects of Nut Consumption on Blood Lipids and Lipoproteins: A Comprehensive Literature Update |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of Nut Consumption on Blood Lipids and Lipoproteins: A Comprehensive Literature Update |
| title_short | Effects of Nut Consumption on Blood Lipids and Lipoproteins: A Comprehensive Literature Update |
| title_sort | effects of nut consumption on blood lipids and lipoproteins a comprehensive literature update |
| topic | nuts cholesterol lipids apolipoproteins |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/15/3/596 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT martaguaschferre effectsofnutconsumptiononbloodlipidsandlipoproteinsacomprehensiveliteratureupdate AT annejulietessier effectsofnutconsumptiononbloodlipidsandlipoproteinsacomprehensiveliteratureupdate AT kristinaspetersen effectsofnutconsumptiononbloodlipidsandlipoproteinsacomprehensiveliteratureupdate AT philipasapp effectsofnutconsumptiononbloodlipidsandlipoproteinsacomprehensiveliteratureupdate AT lindactapsell effectsofnutconsumptiononbloodlipidsandlipoproteinsacomprehensiveliteratureupdate AT jordisalassalvado effectsofnutconsumptiononbloodlipidsandlipoproteinsacomprehensiveliteratureupdate AT emilioros effectsofnutconsumptiononbloodlipidsandlipoproteinsacomprehensiveliteratureupdate AT pennymkrisetherton effectsofnutconsumptiononbloodlipidsandlipoproteinsacomprehensiveliteratureupdate |