Ecotoxicological Characterization of Lithium as a “Timebomb” in Aquatic Systems: Tadpoles of the South American Toad <i>Rhinella arenarum</i> (Hensel, 1867) as Model Organisms
The aim of this study was to evaluate the acute lethality and chronic sublethal effects of lithium (Li) on <i>Rhinella arenarum</i> tadpoles as model organisms. First a 96 h toxicity assay was performed by exposing tadpoles to Li concentrations from 44.08 to 412.5 mg L<sup>−1</s...
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MDPI AG
2024-02-01
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| Series: | Toxics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/12/3/176 |
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| author | Paola M. Peltzer Ana P. Cuzziol Boccioni Andrés M. Attademo María F. Simoniello Germán Lener Rafael C. Lajmanovich |
| author_facet | Paola M. Peltzer Ana P. Cuzziol Boccioni Andrés M. Attademo María F. Simoniello Germán Lener Rafael C. Lajmanovich |
| author_sort | Paola M. Peltzer |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The aim of this study was to evaluate the acute lethality and chronic sublethal effects of lithium (Li) on <i>Rhinella arenarum</i> tadpoles as model organisms. First a 96 h toxicity assay was performed by exposing tadpoles to Li concentrations from 44.08 to 412.5 mg L<sup>−1</sup> to estimate the mortality, and lethal and sublethal effects. Another bioassay was carried out by exposing tadpoles to two environmentally relevant Li concentrations (2.5 and 20 mg L<sup>−1</sup>) for one and two weeks. The sublethal effects of Li on tadpoles were evaluated by analyzing biochemical, genotoxic, and physiological biomarkers. The mortality in Li-exposed tadpoles increased over time. The median lethal concentration (LC<sub>50</sub>) ranged from 319.52 (281.21–363.05) mg L<sup>−1</sup> at 48 h to 66.92 (52.76–84.89) mg L<sup>−1</sup> at 96 h. Exposure to Li at 2.5 and 20 mg L<sup>−1</sup> induced alterations in enzymes related to detoxification, antioxidant, and hepatic mechanisms, endocrine disruption of thyroid hormones, genotoxicity, and effects on the physiology of the heart and gastrointestinal systems. Tadpoles exposed to the highest concentration in the chronic bioassay (20 mg L<sup>−1</sup> Li), which is the concentration commonly recorded in Li mining sites, showed significant mortality after one week of exposure. These results warn about the high ecotoxicological risk of Li as a contaminant of emerging concern for amphibians. |
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| issn | 2305-6304 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T17:47:26Z |
| publishDate | 2024-02-01 |
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| record_format | Article |
| series | Toxics |
| spelling | doaj.art-98aedd3a6d9141e6aacf065558bda1852024-03-27T14:06:09ZengMDPI AGToxics2305-63042024-02-0112317610.3390/toxics12030176Ecotoxicological Characterization of Lithium as a “Timebomb” in Aquatic Systems: Tadpoles of the South American Toad <i>Rhinella arenarum</i> (Hensel, 1867) as Model OrganismsPaola M. Peltzer0Ana P. Cuzziol Boccioni1Andrés M. Attademo2María F. Simoniello3Germán Lener4Rafael C. Lajmanovich5Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe S3001XAI, ArgentinaLaboratorio de Ecotoxicología, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe S3001XAI, ArgentinaLaboratorio de Ecotoxicología, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe S3001XAI, ArgentinaCátedra de Toxicología, Farmacología y Bioquímica Legal, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, Santa Fe S3001XAI, ArgentinaConsejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires C1425FQD, ArgentinaLaboratorio de Ecotoxicología, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe S3001XAI, ArgentinaThe aim of this study was to evaluate the acute lethality and chronic sublethal effects of lithium (Li) on <i>Rhinella arenarum</i> tadpoles as model organisms. First a 96 h toxicity assay was performed by exposing tadpoles to Li concentrations from 44.08 to 412.5 mg L<sup>−1</sup> to estimate the mortality, and lethal and sublethal effects. Another bioassay was carried out by exposing tadpoles to two environmentally relevant Li concentrations (2.5 and 20 mg L<sup>−1</sup>) for one and two weeks. The sublethal effects of Li on tadpoles were evaluated by analyzing biochemical, genotoxic, and physiological biomarkers. The mortality in Li-exposed tadpoles increased over time. The median lethal concentration (LC<sub>50</sub>) ranged from 319.52 (281.21–363.05) mg L<sup>−1</sup> at 48 h to 66.92 (52.76–84.89) mg L<sup>−1</sup> at 96 h. Exposure to Li at 2.5 and 20 mg L<sup>−1</sup> induced alterations in enzymes related to detoxification, antioxidant, and hepatic mechanisms, endocrine disruption of thyroid hormones, genotoxicity, and effects on the physiology of the heart and gastrointestinal systems. Tadpoles exposed to the highest concentration in the chronic bioassay (20 mg L<sup>−1</sup> Li), which is the concentration commonly recorded in Li mining sites, showed significant mortality after one week of exposure. These results warn about the high ecotoxicological risk of Li as a contaminant of emerging concern for amphibians.https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/12/3/176Lienvironmental risktadpolesaquatic contamination |
| spellingShingle | Paola M. Peltzer Ana P. Cuzziol Boccioni Andrés M. Attademo María F. Simoniello Germán Lener Rafael C. Lajmanovich Ecotoxicological Characterization of Lithium as a “Timebomb” in Aquatic Systems: Tadpoles of the South American Toad <i>Rhinella arenarum</i> (Hensel, 1867) as Model Organisms Toxics Li environmental risk tadpoles aquatic contamination |
| title | Ecotoxicological Characterization of Lithium as a “Timebomb” in Aquatic Systems: Tadpoles of the South American Toad <i>Rhinella arenarum</i> (Hensel, 1867) as Model Organisms |
| title_full | Ecotoxicological Characterization of Lithium as a “Timebomb” in Aquatic Systems: Tadpoles of the South American Toad <i>Rhinella arenarum</i> (Hensel, 1867) as Model Organisms |
| title_fullStr | Ecotoxicological Characterization of Lithium as a “Timebomb” in Aquatic Systems: Tadpoles of the South American Toad <i>Rhinella arenarum</i> (Hensel, 1867) as Model Organisms |
| title_full_unstemmed | Ecotoxicological Characterization of Lithium as a “Timebomb” in Aquatic Systems: Tadpoles of the South American Toad <i>Rhinella arenarum</i> (Hensel, 1867) as Model Organisms |
| title_short | Ecotoxicological Characterization of Lithium as a “Timebomb” in Aquatic Systems: Tadpoles of the South American Toad <i>Rhinella arenarum</i> (Hensel, 1867) as Model Organisms |
| title_sort | ecotoxicological characterization of lithium as a timebomb in aquatic systems tadpoles of the south american toad i rhinella arenarum i hensel 1867 as model organisms |
| topic | Li environmental risk tadpoles aquatic contamination |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/12/3/176 |
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