Comparison of LC-MS and LC-DAD Methods of Detecting Abused Piperazine Designer Drugs
Recreational use of piperazine designer drugs is a serious threat to human health. These compounds act on the body in a similar fashion to illegal drugs. They induce psychostimulatory effects as well as visual and auditory hallucinations to varying degrees. In many cases of poisoning and deaths, the...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-03-01
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| Series: | Journal of Clinical Medicine |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/11/7/1758 |
| _version_ | 1797438878217404416 |
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| author | Anna Welz Marcin Koba Piotr Kośliński Joanna Siódmiak |
| author_facet | Anna Welz Marcin Koba Piotr Kośliński Joanna Siódmiak |
| author_sort | Anna Welz |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Recreational use of piperazine designer drugs is a serious threat to human health. These compounds act on the body in a similar fashion to illegal drugs. They induce psychostimulatory effects as well as visual and auditory hallucinations to varying degrees. In many cases of poisoning and deaths, the presence of two or even several psychoactive substances have been demonstrated. Piperazine derivatives are often found in such mixtures and pose a great analytical problem during their identification. Additionally, some piperazine derivatives can be detected in biological material as a result of metabolic changes to related drugs. Therefore, it is necessary to correctly identify these compounds and ensure repeatability of determinations. This article presents a comparison of the methods used to detect abused piperazine designer drugs using liquid chromatography in combination with a diode-array detector (LC-DAD) or mass spectrometer (LC-MS). Each of methods can be used independently for determinations, obtaining reliable results in a short time of analysis. These methods can also complement each other, providing qualitative and quantitative confirmation of results. The proposed methods provide analytical confirmation of poisoning and may be helpful in toxicological diagnostics. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T11:44:39Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-98af2ca555f245c993f6da043427b4bb |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2077-0383 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T11:44:39Z |
| publishDate | 2022-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Clinical Medicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-98af2ca555f245c993f6da043427b4bb2023-11-30T23:26:27ZengMDPI AGJournal of Clinical Medicine2077-03832022-03-01117175810.3390/jcm11071758Comparison of LC-MS and LC-DAD Methods of Detecting Abused Piperazine Designer DrugsAnna Welz0Marcin Koba1Piotr Kośliński2Joanna Siódmiak3Department of Toxicology and Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum Nicolaus Copernicus University, 85-089 Bydgoszcz, PolandDepartment of Toxicology and Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum Nicolaus Copernicus University, 85-089 Bydgoszcz, PolandDepartment of Toxicology and Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum Nicolaus Copernicus University, 85-089 Bydgoszcz, PolandDepartment of Laboratory Diagnostics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum Nicolaus Copernicus University, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, PolandRecreational use of piperazine designer drugs is a serious threat to human health. These compounds act on the body in a similar fashion to illegal drugs. They induce psychostimulatory effects as well as visual and auditory hallucinations to varying degrees. In many cases of poisoning and deaths, the presence of two or even several psychoactive substances have been demonstrated. Piperazine derivatives are often found in such mixtures and pose a great analytical problem during their identification. Additionally, some piperazine derivatives can be detected in biological material as a result of metabolic changes to related drugs. Therefore, it is necessary to correctly identify these compounds and ensure repeatability of determinations. This article presents a comparison of the methods used to detect abused piperazine designer drugs using liquid chromatography in combination with a diode-array detector (LC-DAD) or mass spectrometer (LC-MS). Each of methods can be used independently for determinations, obtaining reliable results in a short time of analysis. These methods can also complement each other, providing qualitative and quantitative confirmation of results. The proposed methods provide analytical confirmation of poisoning and may be helpful in toxicological diagnostics.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/11/7/1758piperazine designer drugsbenzylpiperazine derivativesphenylpiperazine derivativesLC-MSLC-DADdrugs of abuse |
| spellingShingle | Anna Welz Marcin Koba Piotr Kośliński Joanna Siódmiak Comparison of LC-MS and LC-DAD Methods of Detecting Abused Piperazine Designer Drugs Journal of Clinical Medicine piperazine designer drugs benzylpiperazine derivatives phenylpiperazine derivatives LC-MS LC-DAD drugs of abuse |
| title | Comparison of LC-MS and LC-DAD Methods of Detecting Abused Piperazine Designer Drugs |
| title_full | Comparison of LC-MS and LC-DAD Methods of Detecting Abused Piperazine Designer Drugs |
| title_fullStr | Comparison of LC-MS and LC-DAD Methods of Detecting Abused Piperazine Designer Drugs |
| title_full_unstemmed | Comparison of LC-MS and LC-DAD Methods of Detecting Abused Piperazine Designer Drugs |
| title_short | Comparison of LC-MS and LC-DAD Methods of Detecting Abused Piperazine Designer Drugs |
| title_sort | comparison of lc ms and lc dad methods of detecting abused piperazine designer drugs |
| topic | piperazine designer drugs benzylpiperazine derivatives phenylpiperazine derivatives LC-MS LC-DAD drugs of abuse |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/11/7/1758 |
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