Mapping insecticide resistance in Anopheles gambiae (s.l.) from Côte d’Ivoire
Abstract Background Insecticide resistance in malaria vectors is an increasing threat to vector control tools currently deployed in endemic countries. Resistance management must be an integral part of National Malaria Control Programmes’ (NMCPs) next strategic plans to alleviate the risk of control...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2018-01-01
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| Series: | Parasites & Vectors |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13071-017-2546-1 |
| _version_ | 1818152146744377344 |
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| author | Soromane Camara Alphonsine A. Koffi Ludovic P. Ahoua Alou Kouakou Koffi Jean-Paul K. Kabran Aboubacar Koné Mathieu F. Koffi Raphaël N’Guessan Cédric Pennetier |
| author_facet | Soromane Camara Alphonsine A. Koffi Ludovic P. Ahoua Alou Kouakou Koffi Jean-Paul K. Kabran Aboubacar Koné Mathieu F. Koffi Raphaël N’Guessan Cédric Pennetier |
| author_sort | Soromane Camara |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Insecticide resistance in malaria vectors is an increasing threat to vector control tools currently deployed in endemic countries. Resistance management must be an integral part of National Malaria Control Programmes’ (NMCPs) next strategic plans to alleviate the risk of control failure. This obviously will require a clear database on insecticide resistance to support the development of such a plan. The present work gathers original data on insecticide resistance between 2009 and 2015 across Côte d’Ivoire in West Africa. Methods Two approaches were adopted to build or update the resistance data in the country. Resistance monitoring was conducted between 2013 and 2015 in 35 sentinel sites across the country using the WHO standard procedure of susceptibility test on adult mosquitoes. Four insecticide families (pyrethroids, organochlorides, carbamates and organophosphates) were tested. In addition to this survey, we also reviewed the literature to assemble existing data on resistance between 2009 and 2015. Results High resistance levels to pyrethroids, organochlorides and carbamates were widespread in all study sites whereas some Anopheles populations remained susceptible to organophosphates. Three resistance mechanisms were identified, involving high allelic frequencies of kdr L1014F mutation (range = 0.46–1), relatively low frequencies of ace-1 R (below 0.5) and elevated activity of insecticide detoxifying enzymes, mainly mixed function oxidases (MFO), esterase and glutathione S-transferase (GST) in almost all study sites. Conclusion This detailed map of resistance highlights the urgent need to develop new vector control tools to complement current long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) although it is yet unclear whether these resistance mechanisms will impact malaria transmission control. Researchers, industry, WHO and stakeholders must urgently join forces to develop alternative tools. By then, NMCPs must strive to develop effective tactics or plans to manage resistance keeping in mind country-specific context and feasibility. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-11T13:50:05Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-98b82f3e305749909a14fe3d3c9cc8a1 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1756-3305 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-11T13:50:05Z |
| publishDate | 2018-01-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Parasites & Vectors |
| spelling | doaj.art-98b82f3e305749909a14fe3d3c9cc8a12022-12-22T01:04:19ZengBMCParasites & Vectors1756-33052018-01-0111111110.1186/s13071-017-2546-1Mapping insecticide resistance in Anopheles gambiae (s.l.) from Côte d’IvoireSoromane Camara0Alphonsine A. Koffi1Ludovic P. Ahoua Alou2Kouakou Koffi3Jean-Paul K. Kabran4Aboubacar Koné5Mathieu F. Koffi6Raphaël N’Guessan7Cédric Pennetier8Institut Pierre Richet/Institut National de Santé Publique (IPR/INSP)Institut Pierre Richet/Institut National de Santé Publique (IPR/INSP)Institut Pierre Richet/Institut National de Santé Publique (IPR/INSP)Université Félix Houphouët Boigny (UFHB)Institut Pierre Richet/Institut National de Santé Publique (IPR/INSP)Institut Pierre Richet/Institut National de Santé Publique (IPR/INSP)Institut Pierre Richet/Institut National de Santé Publique (IPR/INSP)Institut Pierre Richet/Institut National de Santé Publique (IPR/INSP)Institut Pierre Richet/Institut National de Santé Publique (IPR/INSP)Abstract Background Insecticide resistance in malaria vectors is an increasing threat to vector control tools currently deployed in endemic countries. Resistance management must be an integral part of National Malaria Control Programmes’ (NMCPs) next strategic plans to alleviate the risk of control failure. This obviously will require a clear database on insecticide resistance to support the development of such a plan. The present work gathers original data on insecticide resistance between 2009 and 2015 across Côte d’Ivoire in West Africa. Methods Two approaches were adopted to build or update the resistance data in the country. Resistance monitoring was conducted between 2013 and 2015 in 35 sentinel sites across the country using the WHO standard procedure of susceptibility test on adult mosquitoes. Four insecticide families (pyrethroids, organochlorides, carbamates and organophosphates) were tested. In addition to this survey, we also reviewed the literature to assemble existing data on resistance between 2009 and 2015. Results High resistance levels to pyrethroids, organochlorides and carbamates were widespread in all study sites whereas some Anopheles populations remained susceptible to organophosphates. Three resistance mechanisms were identified, involving high allelic frequencies of kdr L1014F mutation (range = 0.46–1), relatively low frequencies of ace-1 R (below 0.5) and elevated activity of insecticide detoxifying enzymes, mainly mixed function oxidases (MFO), esterase and glutathione S-transferase (GST) in almost all study sites. Conclusion This detailed map of resistance highlights the urgent need to develop new vector control tools to complement current long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) although it is yet unclear whether these resistance mechanisms will impact malaria transmission control. Researchers, industry, WHO and stakeholders must urgently join forces to develop alternative tools. By then, NMCPs must strive to develop effective tactics or plans to manage resistance keeping in mind country-specific context and feasibility.http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13071-017-2546-1Malaria vectorsResistanceInsecticidesCôte d’Ivoire |
| spellingShingle | Soromane Camara Alphonsine A. Koffi Ludovic P. Ahoua Alou Kouakou Koffi Jean-Paul K. Kabran Aboubacar Koné Mathieu F. Koffi Raphaël N’Guessan Cédric Pennetier Mapping insecticide resistance in Anopheles gambiae (s.l.) from Côte d’Ivoire Parasites & Vectors Malaria vectors Resistance Insecticides Côte d’Ivoire |
| title | Mapping insecticide resistance in Anopheles gambiae (s.l.) from Côte d’Ivoire |
| title_full | Mapping insecticide resistance in Anopheles gambiae (s.l.) from Côte d’Ivoire |
| title_fullStr | Mapping insecticide resistance in Anopheles gambiae (s.l.) from Côte d’Ivoire |
| title_full_unstemmed | Mapping insecticide resistance in Anopheles gambiae (s.l.) from Côte d’Ivoire |
| title_short | Mapping insecticide resistance in Anopheles gambiae (s.l.) from Côte d’Ivoire |
| title_sort | mapping insecticide resistance in anopheles gambiae s l from cote d ivoire |
| topic | Malaria vectors Resistance Insecticides Côte d’Ivoire |
| url | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13071-017-2546-1 |
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