Antioxidants in Animal Nutrition: UHPLC-ESI-Q<i>q</i>TOF Analysis and Effects on In Vitro Rumen Fermentation of Oak Leaf Extracts
The genus <i>Quercus</i> supplies a large amount of residual material (e.g., bark, acorns, leaves, wood), the valorization of which can favor a supply of antioxidant polyphenols to be used in the pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, or cosmeceutical sector. The recovery of specialized metaboli...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-11-01
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| Series: | Antioxidants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/11/12/2366 |
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| author | Marialuisa Formato Alessandro Vastolo Simona Piccolella Serena Calabrò Monica Isabella Cutrignelli Christian Zidorn Severina Pacifico |
| author_facet | Marialuisa Formato Alessandro Vastolo Simona Piccolella Serena Calabrò Monica Isabella Cutrignelli Christian Zidorn Severina Pacifico |
| author_sort | Marialuisa Formato |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The genus <i>Quercus</i> supplies a large amount of residual material (e.g., bark, acorns, leaves, wood), the valorization of which can favor a supply of antioxidant polyphenols to be used in the pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, or cosmeceutical sector. The recovery of specialized metabolites could also benefit livestock feeding, so much so that polyphenols have gained attention as rumen fermentation modifiers and for mitigating the oxidative imbalance to which farm animals are subject. In this context, leaves of <i>Quercus robur</i> L. from Northern Germany were of interest and the alcoholic extract obtained underwent an untargeted profiling by means of ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography/high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS/MS) techniques. As triterpenes and fatty acids occurred, the alcoholic extract fractionation pointed out the obtainment of a polyphenol fraction, broadly constituted by coumaroyl flavonol glycosides and condensed tannins. Total phenol, flavonoid and condensed tannins content assays, as well as antiradical (DPPH<sup>●</sup> and ABTS<sup>+●</sup>) and reducing activity (PFRAP) were carried out on the alcoholic extract and its fractions. When the effects on rumen liquor was evaluated in vitro in terms of changes in fermentation characteristics, it was observed that oak leaf extract and its fractions promoted an increase in total volatile fatty acids and differently modulated the relative content of each fatty acid. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:24:13Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-98bfd5326b534fe2967d476622aa5d3b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3921 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:24:13Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Antioxidants |
| spelling | doaj.art-98bfd5326b534fe2967d476622aa5d3b2023-11-24T12:56:48ZengMDPI AGAntioxidants2076-39212022-11-011112236610.3390/antiox11122366Antioxidants in Animal Nutrition: UHPLC-ESI-Q<i>q</i>TOF Analysis and Effects on In Vitro Rumen Fermentation of Oak Leaf ExtractsMarialuisa Formato0Alessandro Vastolo1Simona Piccolella2Serena Calabrò3Monica Isabella Cutrignelli4Christian Zidorn5Severina Pacifico6Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania ‘Luigi Vanvitelli’, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, ItalyDepartment of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Via Federico Delpino 1, 80137 Napoli, ItalyDepartment of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania ‘Luigi Vanvitelli’, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, ItalyDepartment of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Via Federico Delpino 1, 80137 Napoli, ItalyDepartment of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Via Federico Delpino 1, 80137 Napoli, ItalyPharmazeutisches Institut, Abteilung Pharmazeutische Biologie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Gutenbergstraße 76, 24118 Kiel, GermanyDepartment of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania ‘Luigi Vanvitelli’, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, ItalyThe genus <i>Quercus</i> supplies a large amount of residual material (e.g., bark, acorns, leaves, wood), the valorization of which can favor a supply of antioxidant polyphenols to be used in the pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, or cosmeceutical sector. The recovery of specialized metabolites could also benefit livestock feeding, so much so that polyphenols have gained attention as rumen fermentation modifiers and for mitigating the oxidative imbalance to which farm animals are subject. In this context, leaves of <i>Quercus robur</i> L. from Northern Germany were of interest and the alcoholic extract obtained underwent an untargeted profiling by means of ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography/high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS/MS) techniques. As triterpenes and fatty acids occurred, the alcoholic extract fractionation pointed out the obtainment of a polyphenol fraction, broadly constituted by coumaroyl flavonol glycosides and condensed tannins. Total phenol, flavonoid and condensed tannins content assays, as well as antiradical (DPPH<sup>●</sup> and ABTS<sup>+●</sup>) and reducing activity (PFRAP) were carried out on the alcoholic extract and its fractions. When the effects on rumen liquor was evaluated in vitro in terms of changes in fermentation characteristics, it was observed that oak leaf extract and its fractions promoted an increase in total volatile fatty acids and differently modulated the relative content of each fatty acid.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/11/12/2366<i>Quercus robur</i> L.oak leavesUHPLC-ESI-Q<i>q</i>TOF HR-MS analysisflavonoidscondensed tannins (CTs)volatile fatty acids |
| spellingShingle | Marialuisa Formato Alessandro Vastolo Simona Piccolella Serena Calabrò Monica Isabella Cutrignelli Christian Zidorn Severina Pacifico Antioxidants in Animal Nutrition: UHPLC-ESI-Q<i>q</i>TOF Analysis and Effects on In Vitro Rumen Fermentation of Oak Leaf Extracts Antioxidants <i>Quercus robur</i> L. oak leaves UHPLC-ESI-Q<i>q</i>TOF HR-MS analysis flavonoids condensed tannins (CTs) volatile fatty acids |
| title | Antioxidants in Animal Nutrition: UHPLC-ESI-Q<i>q</i>TOF Analysis and Effects on In Vitro Rumen Fermentation of Oak Leaf Extracts |
| title_full | Antioxidants in Animal Nutrition: UHPLC-ESI-Q<i>q</i>TOF Analysis and Effects on In Vitro Rumen Fermentation of Oak Leaf Extracts |
| title_fullStr | Antioxidants in Animal Nutrition: UHPLC-ESI-Q<i>q</i>TOF Analysis and Effects on In Vitro Rumen Fermentation of Oak Leaf Extracts |
| title_full_unstemmed | Antioxidants in Animal Nutrition: UHPLC-ESI-Q<i>q</i>TOF Analysis and Effects on In Vitro Rumen Fermentation of Oak Leaf Extracts |
| title_short | Antioxidants in Animal Nutrition: UHPLC-ESI-Q<i>q</i>TOF Analysis and Effects on In Vitro Rumen Fermentation of Oak Leaf Extracts |
| title_sort | antioxidants in animal nutrition uhplc esi q i q i tof analysis and effects on in vitro rumen fermentation of oak leaf extracts |
| topic | <i>Quercus robur</i> L. oak leaves UHPLC-ESI-Q<i>q</i>TOF HR-MS analysis flavonoids condensed tannins (CTs) volatile fatty acids |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/11/12/2366 |
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