Formation of Limb-brightened Radio Jets by Angle-dependent Energy Extraction from Rapidly Rotating Black Holes
Using general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic simulations, it has been suggested that the rotational energy of a rapidly rotating black hole (BH) is preferentially extracted along the magnetic field lines threading the event horizon in the middle and lower latitudes. Applying this angle-dependent P...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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IOP Publishing
2024-01-01
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| Series: | The Astrophysical Journal |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad28c7 |
| _version_ | 1797223667622477824 |
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| author | Kouichi Hirotani Hsien Shang Ruben Krasnopolsky Kenichi Nishikawa |
| author_facet | Kouichi Hirotani Hsien Shang Ruben Krasnopolsky Kenichi Nishikawa |
| author_sort | Kouichi Hirotani |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Using general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic simulations, it has been suggested that the rotational energy of a rapidly rotating black hole (BH) is preferentially extracted along the magnetic field lines threading the event horizon in the middle and lower latitudes. Applying this angle-dependent Poynting flux to the jet downstream, we demonstrate that the jets exhibit limb-brightened structures at various viewing angles, as observed from Mrk 501, M87, and Cyg A between 5° and 75°, and that the limb brightening is enhanced when the jet is collimated strongly. It is also found that the jet width perpendicular to the propagation direction shrinks at the projected distance of the altitude where the jet collimates from a conical shape (near the BH) to a parabolic one (in the jet). Comparing with Very Long Baseline Interferometry observations, we show that this collimation takes place within the deprojected altitude of 100 Schwarzschild radii from the BH in the case of the M87 jet. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T13:40:52Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-98cf1d1952c240b9869759477af8e266 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1538-4357 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T13:40:52Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | IOP Publishing |
| record_format | Article |
| series | The Astrophysical Journal |
| spelling | doaj.art-98cf1d1952c240b9869759477af8e2662024-04-04T08:44:44ZengIOP PublishingThe Astrophysical Journal1538-43572024-01-0196515010.3847/1538-4357/ad28c7Formation of Limb-brightened Radio Jets by Angle-dependent Energy Extraction from Rapidly Rotating Black HolesKouichi Hirotani0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2472-9002Hsien Shang1https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8385-9838Ruben Krasnopolsky2https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5557-5387Kenichi Nishikawa3https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6031-7040Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics , Academia Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan , ROC; hirotani@asiaa.sinica.edu.tw, shang@asiaa.sinica.edu.twInstitute of Astronomy and Astrophysics , Academia Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan , ROC; hirotani@asiaa.sinica.edu.tw, shang@asiaa.sinica.edu.twInstitute of Astronomy and Astrophysics , Academia Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan , ROC; hirotani@asiaa.sinica.edu.tw, shang@asiaa.sinica.edu.twDepartment of Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics, Alabama A&M University , Huntsville, AL 35811, USAUsing general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic simulations, it has been suggested that the rotational energy of a rapidly rotating black hole (BH) is preferentially extracted along the magnetic field lines threading the event horizon in the middle and lower latitudes. Applying this angle-dependent Poynting flux to the jet downstream, we demonstrate that the jets exhibit limb-brightened structures at various viewing angles, as observed from Mrk 501, M87, and Cyg A between 5° and 75°, and that the limb brightening is enhanced when the jet is collimated strongly. It is also found that the jet width perpendicular to the propagation direction shrinks at the projected distance of the altitude where the jet collimates from a conical shape (near the BH) to a parabolic one (in the jet). Comparing with Very Long Baseline Interferometry observations, we show that this collimation takes place within the deprojected altitude of 100 Schwarzschild radii from the BH in the case of the M87 jet.https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad28c7Kerr black holesGeneral relativityPlasma astrophysicsHigh energy astrophysicsRelativistic jetsAstronomical simulations |
| spellingShingle | Kouichi Hirotani Hsien Shang Ruben Krasnopolsky Kenichi Nishikawa Formation of Limb-brightened Radio Jets by Angle-dependent Energy Extraction from Rapidly Rotating Black Holes The Astrophysical Journal Kerr black holes General relativity Plasma astrophysics High energy astrophysics Relativistic jets Astronomical simulations |
| title | Formation of Limb-brightened Radio Jets by Angle-dependent Energy Extraction from Rapidly Rotating Black Holes |
| title_full | Formation of Limb-brightened Radio Jets by Angle-dependent Energy Extraction from Rapidly Rotating Black Holes |
| title_fullStr | Formation of Limb-brightened Radio Jets by Angle-dependent Energy Extraction from Rapidly Rotating Black Holes |
| title_full_unstemmed | Formation of Limb-brightened Radio Jets by Angle-dependent Energy Extraction from Rapidly Rotating Black Holes |
| title_short | Formation of Limb-brightened Radio Jets by Angle-dependent Energy Extraction from Rapidly Rotating Black Holes |
| title_sort | formation of limb brightened radio jets by angle dependent energy extraction from rapidly rotating black holes |
| topic | Kerr black holes General relativity Plasma astrophysics High energy astrophysics Relativistic jets Astronomical simulations |
| url | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad28c7 |
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