Overview of Cardiac Arrhythmias and Treatment Strategies
Maintenance of normal cardiac rhythm requires coordinated activity of ion channels and transporters that allow well-ordered propagation of electrical impulses across the myocardium. Disruptions in this orderly process provoke cardiac arrhythmias that may be lethal in some patients. Risk of common ac...
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-06-01
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| Series: | Pharmaceuticals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/16/6/844 |
| _version_ | 1797593125673238528 |
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| author | John Kingma Chantale Simard Benoît Drolet |
| author_facet | John Kingma Chantale Simard Benoît Drolet |
| author_sort | John Kingma |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Maintenance of normal cardiac rhythm requires coordinated activity of ion channels and transporters that allow well-ordered propagation of electrical impulses across the myocardium. Disruptions in this orderly process provoke cardiac arrhythmias that may be lethal in some patients. Risk of common acquired arrhythmias is increased markedly when structural heart disease caused by myocardial infarction (due to fibrotic scar formation) or left ventricular dysfunction is present. Genetic polymorphisms influence structure or excitability of the myocardial substrate, which increases vulnerability or risk of arrhythmias in patients. Similarly, genetic polymorphisms of drug-metabolizing enzymes give rise to distinct subgroups within the population that affect specific drug biotransformation reactions. Nonetheless, identification of triggers involved in initiation or maintenance of cardiac arrhythmias remains a major challenge. Herein, we provide an overview of knowledge regarding physiopathology of inherited and acquired cardiac arrhythmias along with a summary of treatments (pharmacologic or non-pharmacologic) used to limit their effect on morbidity and potential mortality. Improved understanding of molecular and cellular aspects of arrhythmogenesis and more epidemiologic studies (for a more accurate portrait of incidence and prevalence) are crucial for development of novel treatments and for management of cardiac arrhythmias and their consequences in patients, as their incidence is increasing worldwide. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T02:03:23Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-98d178b8b5e64cce91701562d245aab9 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8247 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T02:03:23Z |
| publishDate | 2023-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pharmaceuticals |
| spelling | doaj.art-98d178b8b5e64cce91701562d245aab92023-11-18T12:02:19ZengMDPI AGPharmaceuticals1424-82472023-06-0116684410.3390/ph16060844Overview of Cardiac Arrhythmias and Treatment StrategiesJohn Kingma0Chantale Simard1Benoît Drolet2Department of Medicine, Ferdinand Vandry Pavillon, 1050 Av. de la Médecine, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, CanadaFaculty of Pharmacy Ferdinand Vandry Pavillon, 1050 Av. de la Médecine, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, CanadaFaculty of Pharmacy Ferdinand Vandry Pavillon, 1050 Av. de la Médecine, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, CanadaMaintenance of normal cardiac rhythm requires coordinated activity of ion channels and transporters that allow well-ordered propagation of electrical impulses across the myocardium. Disruptions in this orderly process provoke cardiac arrhythmias that may be lethal in some patients. Risk of common acquired arrhythmias is increased markedly when structural heart disease caused by myocardial infarction (due to fibrotic scar formation) or left ventricular dysfunction is present. Genetic polymorphisms influence structure or excitability of the myocardial substrate, which increases vulnerability or risk of arrhythmias in patients. Similarly, genetic polymorphisms of drug-metabolizing enzymes give rise to distinct subgroups within the population that affect specific drug biotransformation reactions. Nonetheless, identification of triggers involved in initiation or maintenance of cardiac arrhythmias remains a major challenge. Herein, we provide an overview of knowledge regarding physiopathology of inherited and acquired cardiac arrhythmias along with a summary of treatments (pharmacologic or non-pharmacologic) used to limit their effect on morbidity and potential mortality. Improved understanding of molecular and cellular aspects of arrhythmogenesis and more epidemiologic studies (for a more accurate portrait of incidence and prevalence) are crucial for development of novel treatments and for management of cardiac arrhythmias and their consequences in patients, as their incidence is increasing worldwide.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/16/6/844cardiac arrhythmiaselectrical remodelingstructural remodelingpathophysiologypharmacologynon-pharmacologic interventions |
| spellingShingle | John Kingma Chantale Simard Benoît Drolet Overview of Cardiac Arrhythmias and Treatment Strategies Pharmaceuticals cardiac arrhythmias electrical remodeling structural remodeling pathophysiology pharmacology non-pharmacologic interventions |
| title | Overview of Cardiac Arrhythmias and Treatment Strategies |
| title_full | Overview of Cardiac Arrhythmias and Treatment Strategies |
| title_fullStr | Overview of Cardiac Arrhythmias and Treatment Strategies |
| title_full_unstemmed | Overview of Cardiac Arrhythmias and Treatment Strategies |
| title_short | Overview of Cardiac Arrhythmias and Treatment Strategies |
| title_sort | overview of cardiac arrhythmias and treatment strategies |
| topic | cardiac arrhythmias electrical remodeling structural remodeling pathophysiology pharmacology non-pharmacologic interventions |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/16/6/844 |
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