Growth, Flowering, and Fruit Production of Strawberry ‘Albion’ in Response to Photoperiod and Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density of Sole-Source Lighting
Beyond producing leafy greens, there is a growing interest in strawberry production on indoor vertical farms. Considering that sole-source lighting is one of the most important components for successful indoor crop production, we investigated how photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) and the pho...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-02-01
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| Series: | Plants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/4/731 |
| _version_ | 1797618609003954176 |
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| author | Yujin Park Rashmi Sethi Stephanie Temnyk |
| author_facet | Yujin Park Rashmi Sethi Stephanie Temnyk |
| author_sort | Yujin Park |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Beyond producing leafy greens, there is a growing interest in strawberry production on indoor vertical farms. Considering that sole-source lighting is one of the most important components for successful indoor crop production, we investigated how photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) and the photoperiod of sole-source lighting affected plant growth, flowering, and fruit production in strawberry ‘Albion.’ Bare-rooted strawberry plants were grown in deep water culture hydroponics inside an indoor vertical farm at 21 °C under white + blue + red light-emitting diodes at a PPFD of 200, 300, or 450 µmol∙m<sup>−2</sup>∙s<sup>−1</sup> with a 12-h or 16-h photoperiod. Under both photoperiods, increasing PPFD from 200 to 450 µmol∙m<sup>−2</sup>∙s<sup>−1</sup> linearly increased crown diameter by 18–64%, shoot fresh and dry mass by 38–80%, and root fresh and dry mass by 19–48%. Under a PPFD ≥ 300 µmol∙m<sup>−2</sup>∙s<sup>−1</sup>, root fresh and dry biomass increased by 95–108% and 41–44%, respectively, with an increasing photoperiod from 12 to 16 h. In addition, increasing the photoperiod from 12 to 16 h accelerated flowering by 17–21 days under a PPFD ≥ 300 µmol∙m<sup>−2</sup>∙s<sup>−1</sup> and first fruit harvest by 17 days at a PPFD of 450 µmol∙m<sup>−2</sup>∙s<sup>−1</sup>. Regardless of PPFD, strawberry fruit production (g·m<sup>−2</sup>·month<sup>−1</sup>) increased by 372–989% under a 16-h photoperiod in comparison to under a 12-h photoperiod. In contrast, there was little effect of PPFD on fruit production. Our results suggest that increasing the PPFD or photoperiod can increase strawberry plant growth, but increasing the photoperiod can have a dominant effect on increasing early fruit production in strawberry ‘Albion’. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T08:15:59Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-98d191df6c734444a57da78636f4cc1e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2223-7747 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T08:15:59Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Plants |
| spelling | doaj.art-98d191df6c734444a57da78636f4cc1e2023-11-16T22:46:42ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472023-02-0112473110.3390/plants12040731Growth, Flowering, and Fruit Production of Strawberry ‘Albion’ in Response to Photoperiod and Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density of Sole-Source LightingYujin Park0Rashmi Sethi1Stephanie Temnyk2College of Integrative Sciences and Arts, Arizona State University, Mesa, AZ 85212, USACollege of Integrative Sciences and Arts, Arizona State University, Mesa, AZ 85212, USACollege of Integrative Sciences and Arts, Arizona State University, Mesa, AZ 85212, USABeyond producing leafy greens, there is a growing interest in strawberry production on indoor vertical farms. Considering that sole-source lighting is one of the most important components for successful indoor crop production, we investigated how photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) and the photoperiod of sole-source lighting affected plant growth, flowering, and fruit production in strawberry ‘Albion.’ Bare-rooted strawberry plants were grown in deep water culture hydroponics inside an indoor vertical farm at 21 °C under white + blue + red light-emitting diodes at a PPFD of 200, 300, or 450 µmol∙m<sup>−2</sup>∙s<sup>−1</sup> with a 12-h or 16-h photoperiod. Under both photoperiods, increasing PPFD from 200 to 450 µmol∙m<sup>−2</sup>∙s<sup>−1</sup> linearly increased crown diameter by 18–64%, shoot fresh and dry mass by 38–80%, and root fresh and dry mass by 19–48%. Under a PPFD ≥ 300 µmol∙m<sup>−2</sup>∙s<sup>−1</sup>, root fresh and dry biomass increased by 95–108% and 41–44%, respectively, with an increasing photoperiod from 12 to 16 h. In addition, increasing the photoperiod from 12 to 16 h accelerated flowering by 17–21 days under a PPFD ≥ 300 µmol∙m<sup>−2</sup>∙s<sup>−1</sup> and first fruit harvest by 17 days at a PPFD of 450 µmol∙m<sup>−2</sup>∙s<sup>−1</sup>. Regardless of PPFD, strawberry fruit production (g·m<sup>−2</sup>·month<sup>−1</sup>) increased by 372–989% under a 16-h photoperiod in comparison to under a 12-h photoperiod. In contrast, there was little effect of PPFD on fruit production. Our results suggest that increasing the PPFD or photoperiod can increase strawberry plant growth, but increasing the photoperiod can have a dominant effect on increasing early fruit production in strawberry ‘Albion’.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/4/731controlled environmentfruit productionhydroponicslight intensityphotoperiodsole-source LED lighting |
| spellingShingle | Yujin Park Rashmi Sethi Stephanie Temnyk Growth, Flowering, and Fruit Production of Strawberry ‘Albion’ in Response to Photoperiod and Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density of Sole-Source Lighting Plants controlled environment fruit production hydroponics light intensity photoperiod sole-source LED lighting |
| title | Growth, Flowering, and Fruit Production of Strawberry ‘Albion’ in Response to Photoperiod and Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density of Sole-Source Lighting |
| title_full | Growth, Flowering, and Fruit Production of Strawberry ‘Albion’ in Response to Photoperiod and Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density of Sole-Source Lighting |
| title_fullStr | Growth, Flowering, and Fruit Production of Strawberry ‘Albion’ in Response to Photoperiod and Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density of Sole-Source Lighting |
| title_full_unstemmed | Growth, Flowering, and Fruit Production of Strawberry ‘Albion’ in Response to Photoperiod and Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density of Sole-Source Lighting |
| title_short | Growth, Flowering, and Fruit Production of Strawberry ‘Albion’ in Response to Photoperiod and Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density of Sole-Source Lighting |
| title_sort | growth flowering and fruit production of strawberry albion in response to photoperiod and photosynthetic photon flux density of sole source lighting |
| topic | controlled environment fruit production hydroponics light intensity photoperiod sole-source LED lighting |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/4/731 |
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