Recent Advances and Synergistic Effects of Non-Precious Carbon-Based Nanomaterials as ORR Electrocatalysts: A Review
The use of platinum-free (Pt) cathode electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reactions (ORRs) has been significantly studied over the past decade, improving slow reaction mechanisms. For many significant energy conversion and storage technologies, including fuel cells and metal–air batteries, the ORR...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-11-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/23/7751 |
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| author | Laksamee Payattikul Chen-Yu Chen Yong-Song Chen Mariyappan Raja Pugalenthi Konlayutt Punyawudho |
| author_facet | Laksamee Payattikul Chen-Yu Chen Yong-Song Chen Mariyappan Raja Pugalenthi Konlayutt Punyawudho |
| author_sort | Laksamee Payattikul |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The use of platinum-free (Pt) cathode electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reactions (ORRs) has been significantly studied over the past decade, improving slow reaction mechanisms. For many significant energy conversion and storage technologies, including fuel cells and metal–air batteries, the ORR is a crucial process. These have motivated the development of highly active and long-lasting platinum-free electrocatalysts, which cost less than proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). Researchers have identified a novel, non-precious carbon-based electrocatalyst material as the most effective substitute for platinum (Pt) electrocatalysts. Rich sources, outstanding electrical conductivity, adaptable molecular structures, and environmental compatibility are just a few of its benefits. Additionally, the increased surface area and the simplicity of regulating its structure can significantly improve the electrocatalyst’s reactive sites and mass transport. Other benefits include the use of heteroatoms and single or multiple metal atoms, which are capable of acting as extremely effective ORR electrocatalysts. The rapid innovations in non-precious carbon-based nanomaterials in the ORR electrocatalyst field are the main topics of this review. As a result, this review provides an overview of the basic ORR reaction and the mechanism of the active sites in non-precious carbon-based electrocatalysts. Further analysis of the development, performance, and evaluation of these systems is provided in more detail. Furthermore, the significance of doping is highlighted and discussed, which shows how researchers can enhance the properties of electrocatalysts. Finally, this review discusses the existing challenges and expectations for the development of highly efficient and inexpensive electrocatalysts that are linked to crucial technologies in this expanding field. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T01:46:11Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-98d52507020b43699bf2113de221a30a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T01:46:11Z |
| publishDate | 2023-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-98d52507020b43699bf2113de221a30a2023-12-08T15:22:13ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492023-11-012823775110.3390/molecules28237751Recent Advances and Synergistic Effects of Non-Precious Carbon-Based Nanomaterials as ORR Electrocatalysts: A ReviewLaksamee Payattikul0Chen-Yu Chen1Yong-Song Chen2Mariyappan Raja Pugalenthi3Konlayutt Punyawudho4Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, ThailandDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan 320317, TaiwanAdvanced Institute of Manufacturing with High-Tech Innovations, Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi 62102, TaiwanDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, ThailandDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, ThailandThe use of platinum-free (Pt) cathode electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reactions (ORRs) has been significantly studied over the past decade, improving slow reaction mechanisms. For many significant energy conversion and storage technologies, including fuel cells and metal–air batteries, the ORR is a crucial process. These have motivated the development of highly active and long-lasting platinum-free electrocatalysts, which cost less than proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). Researchers have identified a novel, non-precious carbon-based electrocatalyst material as the most effective substitute for platinum (Pt) electrocatalysts. Rich sources, outstanding electrical conductivity, adaptable molecular structures, and environmental compatibility are just a few of its benefits. Additionally, the increased surface area and the simplicity of regulating its structure can significantly improve the electrocatalyst’s reactive sites and mass transport. Other benefits include the use of heteroatoms and single or multiple metal atoms, which are capable of acting as extremely effective ORR electrocatalysts. The rapid innovations in non-precious carbon-based nanomaterials in the ORR electrocatalyst field are the main topics of this review. As a result, this review provides an overview of the basic ORR reaction and the mechanism of the active sites in non-precious carbon-based electrocatalysts. Further analysis of the development, performance, and evaluation of these systems is provided in more detail. Furthermore, the significance of doping is highlighted and discussed, which shows how researchers can enhance the properties of electrocatalysts. Finally, this review discusses the existing challenges and expectations for the development of highly efficient and inexpensive electrocatalysts that are linked to crucial technologies in this expanding field.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/23/7751carbon electrocatalystheteroatomssingle-atom metalsmetal–organic frameworkenergy storageoxygen reduction reaction |
| spellingShingle | Laksamee Payattikul Chen-Yu Chen Yong-Song Chen Mariyappan Raja Pugalenthi Konlayutt Punyawudho Recent Advances and Synergistic Effects of Non-Precious Carbon-Based Nanomaterials as ORR Electrocatalysts: A Review Molecules carbon electrocatalyst heteroatoms single-atom metals metal–organic framework energy storage oxygen reduction reaction |
| title | Recent Advances and Synergistic Effects of Non-Precious Carbon-Based Nanomaterials as ORR Electrocatalysts: A Review |
| title_full | Recent Advances and Synergistic Effects of Non-Precious Carbon-Based Nanomaterials as ORR Electrocatalysts: A Review |
| title_fullStr | Recent Advances and Synergistic Effects of Non-Precious Carbon-Based Nanomaterials as ORR Electrocatalysts: A Review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Recent Advances and Synergistic Effects of Non-Precious Carbon-Based Nanomaterials as ORR Electrocatalysts: A Review |
| title_short | Recent Advances and Synergistic Effects of Non-Precious Carbon-Based Nanomaterials as ORR Electrocatalysts: A Review |
| title_sort | recent advances and synergistic effects of non precious carbon based nanomaterials as orr electrocatalysts a review |
| topic | carbon electrocatalyst heteroatoms single-atom metals metal–organic framework energy storage oxygen reduction reaction |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/23/7751 |
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