Investigating the Acid- and Enzyme-Induced Coagulation of Raw Milk Using Dielectric and Rheological Measurements
In this study, the enzyme-induced and acid coagulation of raw milk samples were investigated, and these two processes were monitored by determining the changes in dielectric and rheological behavior to see if any correlations could be found between these two properties. For the enzyme-induced experi...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2023-05-01
|
| Series: | Applied Sciences |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/13/10/6185 |
| _version_ | 1797601202317295616 |
|---|---|
| author | Réka Dobozi Zoltán Péter Jákói József Csanádi Sándor Beszédes |
| author_facet | Réka Dobozi Zoltán Péter Jákói József Csanádi Sándor Beszédes |
| author_sort | Réka Dobozi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In this study, the enzyme-induced and acid coagulation of raw milk samples were investigated, and these two processes were monitored by determining the changes in dielectric and rheological behavior to see if any correlations could be found between these two properties. For the enzyme-induced experiments, 250 cm<sup>3</sup> of raw milk sample and industrial chymosin were used, and during the acid coagulation, industrial thermophile yogurt culture was added to the same amount of milk. The apparent viscosity was monitored with a vibro viscometer, and the dielectric constant was measured in a frequency range of 200–2400 MHz with an open-ended dielectric assessment kit (DAK) connected to a vector network analyzer (VNA). Our experimental findings revealed that during both enzyme-induced and acid coagulation, two distinct phases could be found in terms of dielectric and rheological properties, and regardless of the molecular mechanisms behind the aggregation of casein micelles, a strong correlation (with R<sup>2</sup>-values ranging between 0.967 and 0.992) can be found between the extent of the apparent viscosity and dielectric constant, suggesting that dielectric measurements might be adequately used in these dairy processing technologies. These results verified the applicability of the non-destructive dielectric measurements in dairy technologies. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:57:52Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-98d5bf3662624561ba383bb2bc5ce5e4 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:57:52Z |
| publishDate | 2023-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-98d5bf3662624561ba383bb2bc5ce5e42023-11-18T00:21:50ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172023-05-011310618510.3390/app13106185Investigating the Acid- and Enzyme-Induced Coagulation of Raw Milk Using Dielectric and Rheological MeasurementsRéka Dobozi0Zoltán Péter Jákói1József Csanádi2Sándor Beszédes3Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Szeged, H-6725 Szeged, HungaryDepartment of Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Szeged, H-6725 Szeged, HungaryDepartment of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Szeged, H-6725 Szeged, HungaryDepartment of Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Szeged, H-6725 Szeged, HungaryIn this study, the enzyme-induced and acid coagulation of raw milk samples were investigated, and these two processes were monitored by determining the changes in dielectric and rheological behavior to see if any correlations could be found between these two properties. For the enzyme-induced experiments, 250 cm<sup>3</sup> of raw milk sample and industrial chymosin were used, and during the acid coagulation, industrial thermophile yogurt culture was added to the same amount of milk. The apparent viscosity was monitored with a vibro viscometer, and the dielectric constant was measured in a frequency range of 200–2400 MHz with an open-ended dielectric assessment kit (DAK) connected to a vector network analyzer (VNA). Our experimental findings revealed that during both enzyme-induced and acid coagulation, two distinct phases could be found in terms of dielectric and rheological properties, and regardless of the molecular mechanisms behind the aggregation of casein micelles, a strong correlation (with R<sup>2</sup>-values ranging between 0.967 and 0.992) can be found between the extent of the apparent viscosity and dielectric constant, suggesting that dielectric measurements might be adequately used in these dairy processing technologies. These results verified the applicability of the non-destructive dielectric measurements in dairy technologies.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/13/10/6185acid coagulationenzyme-induced coagulationdielectric propertiesclot formationrheological properties |
| spellingShingle | Réka Dobozi Zoltán Péter Jákói József Csanádi Sándor Beszédes Investigating the Acid- and Enzyme-Induced Coagulation of Raw Milk Using Dielectric and Rheological Measurements Applied Sciences acid coagulation enzyme-induced coagulation dielectric properties clot formation rheological properties |
| title | Investigating the Acid- and Enzyme-Induced Coagulation of Raw Milk Using Dielectric and Rheological Measurements |
| title_full | Investigating the Acid- and Enzyme-Induced Coagulation of Raw Milk Using Dielectric and Rheological Measurements |
| title_fullStr | Investigating the Acid- and Enzyme-Induced Coagulation of Raw Milk Using Dielectric and Rheological Measurements |
| title_full_unstemmed | Investigating the Acid- and Enzyme-Induced Coagulation of Raw Milk Using Dielectric and Rheological Measurements |
| title_short | Investigating the Acid- and Enzyme-Induced Coagulation of Raw Milk Using Dielectric and Rheological Measurements |
| title_sort | investigating the acid and enzyme induced coagulation of raw milk using dielectric and rheological measurements |
| topic | acid coagulation enzyme-induced coagulation dielectric properties clot formation rheological properties |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/13/10/6185 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT rekadobozi investigatingtheacidandenzymeinducedcoagulationofrawmilkusingdielectricandrheologicalmeasurements AT zoltanpeterjakoi investigatingtheacidandenzymeinducedcoagulationofrawmilkusingdielectricandrheologicalmeasurements AT jozsefcsanadi investigatingtheacidandenzymeinducedcoagulationofrawmilkusingdielectricandrheologicalmeasurements AT sandorbeszedes investigatingtheacidandenzymeinducedcoagulationofrawmilkusingdielectricandrheologicalmeasurements |