A PVDF Receiver for Acoustic Monitoring of Microbubble-Mediated Ultrasound Brain Therapy
The real-time monitoring of spectral characteristics of microbubble (MB) acoustic emissions permits the prediction of increases in blood–brain barrier (BBB) permeability and of tissue damage in MB-mediated focused ultrasound (FUS) brain therapy. Single-element passive cavitation detectors provide li...
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-01-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/3/1369 |
| _version_ | 1797623270593265664 |
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| author | Yi Lin Meaghan A. O’Reilly Kullervo Hynynen |
| author_facet | Yi Lin Meaghan A. O’Reilly Kullervo Hynynen |
| author_sort | Yi Lin |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The real-time monitoring of spectral characteristics of microbubble (MB) acoustic emissions permits the prediction of increases in blood–brain barrier (BBB) permeability and of tissue damage in MB-mediated focused ultrasound (FUS) brain therapy. Single-element passive cavitation detectors provide limited spatial information regarding MB activity, greatly affecting the performance of acoustic control. However, an array of receivers can be used to spatially map cavitation events and thus improve treatment control. The spectral content of the acoustic emissions provides additional information that can be correlated with the bio-effects, and wideband receivers can thus provide the most complete spectral information. Here, we develop a miniature polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF thickness = 110 μm, active area = 1.2 mm<sup>2</sup>) broadband receiver for the acoustic monitoring of MBs. The receiver has superior sensitivity (2.36–3.87 V/MPa) to those of a commercial fibre-optic hydrophone in the low megahertz frequency range (0.51–5.4 MHz). The receiver also has a wide −6 dB acceptance angle (54 degrees at 1.1 MHz and 13 degrees at 5.4 MHz) and the ability to detect subharmonic and higher harmonic MB emissions in phantoms. The overall acoustic performance of this low-cost receiver indicates its suitability for the eventual use within an array for MB monitoring and mapping in preclinical studies. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:26:18Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-98e90d351e06466882a4e674293ece35 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:26:18Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-98e90d351e06466882a4e674293ece352023-11-16T18:00:02ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202023-01-01233136910.3390/s23031369A PVDF Receiver for Acoustic Monitoring of Microbubble-Mediated Ultrasound Brain TherapyYi Lin0Meaghan A. O’Reilly1Kullervo Hynynen2Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, CanadaDepartment of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, CanadaDepartment of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, CanadaThe real-time monitoring of spectral characteristics of microbubble (MB) acoustic emissions permits the prediction of increases in blood–brain barrier (BBB) permeability and of tissue damage in MB-mediated focused ultrasound (FUS) brain therapy. Single-element passive cavitation detectors provide limited spatial information regarding MB activity, greatly affecting the performance of acoustic control. However, an array of receivers can be used to spatially map cavitation events and thus improve treatment control. The spectral content of the acoustic emissions provides additional information that can be correlated with the bio-effects, and wideband receivers can thus provide the most complete spectral information. Here, we develop a miniature polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF thickness = 110 μm, active area = 1.2 mm<sup>2</sup>) broadband receiver for the acoustic monitoring of MBs. The receiver has superior sensitivity (2.36–3.87 V/MPa) to those of a commercial fibre-optic hydrophone in the low megahertz frequency range (0.51–5.4 MHz). The receiver also has a wide −6 dB acceptance angle (54 degrees at 1.1 MHz and 13 degrees at 5.4 MHz) and the ability to detect subharmonic and higher harmonic MB emissions in phantoms. The overall acoustic performance of this low-cost receiver indicates its suitability for the eventual use within an array for MB monitoring and mapping in preclinical studies.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/3/1369hydrophoneblood–brain barrierfocused ultrasound (FUS)micromachiningtranscranial therapy |
| spellingShingle | Yi Lin Meaghan A. O’Reilly Kullervo Hynynen A PVDF Receiver for Acoustic Monitoring of Microbubble-Mediated Ultrasound Brain Therapy Sensors hydrophone blood–brain barrier focused ultrasound (FUS) micromachining transcranial therapy |
| title | A PVDF Receiver for Acoustic Monitoring of Microbubble-Mediated Ultrasound Brain Therapy |
| title_full | A PVDF Receiver for Acoustic Monitoring of Microbubble-Mediated Ultrasound Brain Therapy |
| title_fullStr | A PVDF Receiver for Acoustic Monitoring of Microbubble-Mediated Ultrasound Brain Therapy |
| title_full_unstemmed | A PVDF Receiver for Acoustic Monitoring of Microbubble-Mediated Ultrasound Brain Therapy |
| title_short | A PVDF Receiver for Acoustic Monitoring of Microbubble-Mediated Ultrasound Brain Therapy |
| title_sort | pvdf receiver for acoustic monitoring of microbubble mediated ultrasound brain therapy |
| topic | hydrophone blood–brain barrier focused ultrasound (FUS) micromachining transcranial therapy |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/3/1369 |
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