Physiological Mechanisms Regulating Lens Transport
The transparency and refractive properties of the lens are maintained by the cellular physiology provided by an internal microcirculation system that utilizes spatial differences in ion channels, transporters and gap junctions to establish standing electrochemical and hydrostatic pressure gradients...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2021-12-01
|
| Series: | Frontiers in Physiology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2021.818649/full |
| _version_ | 1818971094402465792 |
|---|---|
| author | Adrienne A. Giannone Leping Li Caterina Sellitto Thomas W. White |
| author_facet | Adrienne A. Giannone Leping Li Caterina Sellitto Thomas W. White |
| author_sort | Adrienne A. Giannone |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The transparency and refractive properties of the lens are maintained by the cellular physiology provided by an internal microcirculation system that utilizes spatial differences in ion channels, transporters and gap junctions to establish standing electrochemical and hydrostatic pressure gradients that drive the transport of ions, water and nutrients through this avascular tissue. Aging has negative effects on lens transport, degrading ion and water homeostasis, and producing changes in lens water content. This alters the properties of the lens, causing changes in optical quality and accommodative amplitude that initially result in presbyopia in middle age and ultimately manifest as cataract in the elderly. Recent advances have highlighted that the lens hydrostatic pressure gradient responds to tension transmitted to the lens through the Zonules of Zinn through a mechanism utilizing mechanosensitive channels, multiple sodium transporters respond to changes in hydrostatic pressure to restore equilibrium, and that connexin hemichannels and diverse intracellular signaling cascades play a critical role in these responses. The mechanistic insight gained from these studies has advanced our understanding of lens transport and how it responds and adapts to different inputs both from within the lens, and from surrounding ocular structures. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-20T14:46:54Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-98f31cc8d2c14a7fab6d2f2bbb47cf4c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-042X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-20T14:46:54Z |
| publishDate | 2021-12-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Physiology |
| spelling | doaj.art-98f31cc8d2c14a7fab6d2f2bbb47cf4c2022-12-21T19:37:05ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Physiology1664-042X2021-12-011210.3389/fphys.2021.818649818649Physiological Mechanisms Regulating Lens TransportAdrienne A. Giannone0Leping Li1Caterina Sellitto2Thomas W. White3Master of Science Program, Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United StatesDepartment of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United StatesDepartment of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United StatesDepartment of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United StatesThe transparency and refractive properties of the lens are maintained by the cellular physiology provided by an internal microcirculation system that utilizes spatial differences in ion channels, transporters and gap junctions to establish standing electrochemical and hydrostatic pressure gradients that drive the transport of ions, water and nutrients through this avascular tissue. Aging has negative effects on lens transport, degrading ion and water homeostasis, and producing changes in lens water content. This alters the properties of the lens, causing changes in optical quality and accommodative amplitude that initially result in presbyopia in middle age and ultimately manifest as cataract in the elderly. Recent advances have highlighted that the lens hydrostatic pressure gradient responds to tension transmitted to the lens through the Zonules of Zinn through a mechanism utilizing mechanosensitive channels, multiple sodium transporters respond to changes in hydrostatic pressure to restore equilibrium, and that connexin hemichannels and diverse intracellular signaling cascades play a critical role in these responses. The mechanistic insight gained from these studies has advanced our understanding of lens transport and how it responds and adapts to different inputs both from within the lens, and from surrounding ocular structures.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2021.818649/fullconnexinaquaporinTRPV1TRPV4NKCCNa+/K+-ATPase |
| spellingShingle | Adrienne A. Giannone Leping Li Caterina Sellitto Thomas W. White Physiological Mechanisms Regulating Lens Transport Frontiers in Physiology connexin aquaporin TRPV1 TRPV4 NKCC Na+/K+-ATPase |
| title | Physiological Mechanisms Regulating Lens Transport |
| title_full | Physiological Mechanisms Regulating Lens Transport |
| title_fullStr | Physiological Mechanisms Regulating Lens Transport |
| title_full_unstemmed | Physiological Mechanisms Regulating Lens Transport |
| title_short | Physiological Mechanisms Regulating Lens Transport |
| title_sort | physiological mechanisms regulating lens transport |
| topic | connexin aquaporin TRPV1 TRPV4 NKCC Na+/K+-ATPase |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2021.818649/full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT adrienneagiannone physiologicalmechanismsregulatinglenstransport AT lepingli physiologicalmechanismsregulatinglenstransport AT caterinasellitto physiologicalmechanismsregulatinglenstransport AT thomaswwhite physiologicalmechanismsregulatinglenstransport |