Updated Review on the Mechanisms of Pathogenicity in <i>Mycobacterium abscessus</i>, a Rapidly Growing Emerging Pathogen
In recent years, <i>Mycobacterium abscessus</i> has appeared as an emerging pathogen, with an increasing number of disease cases reported worldwide that mainly occur among patients with chronic lung diseases or impaired immune systems. The treatment of this pathogen represents a challeng...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-12-01
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| Series: | Microorganisms |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/1/90 |
| _version_ | 1827623154615320576 |
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| author | Paula López-Roa Jaime Esteban María-Carmen Muñoz-Egea |
| author_facet | Paula López-Roa Jaime Esteban María-Carmen Muñoz-Egea |
| author_sort | Paula López-Roa |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In recent years, <i>Mycobacterium abscessus</i> has appeared as an emerging pathogen, with an increasing number of disease cases reported worldwide that mainly occur among patients with chronic lung diseases or impaired immune systems. The treatment of this pathogen represents a challenge due to the multi-drug-resistant nature of this species and its ability to evade most therapeutic approaches. However, although predisposing host factors for disease are well known, intrinsic pathogenicity mechanisms of this mycobacterium are still not elucidated. Like other mycobacteria, intracellular invasiveness and survival inside different cell lines are pathogenic factors related to the ability of <i>M. abscessus</i> to establish infection. Some of the molecular factors involved in this process are well-known and are present in the mycobacterial cell wall, such as trehalose-dimycolate and glycopeptidolipids. The ability to form biofilms is another pathogenic factor that is essential for the development of chronic disease and for promoting mycobacterial survival against the host immune system or different antibacterial treatments. This capability also seems to be related to glycopeptidolipids and other lipid molecules, and some studies have shown an intrinsic relationship between both pathogenic mechanisms. Antimicrobial resistance is also considered a mechanism of pathogenicity because it allows the mycobacterium to resist antimicrobial therapies and represents an advantage in polymicrobial biofilms. The recent description of hyperpathogenic strains with the potential interhuman transmission makes it necessary to increase our knowledge of pathogenic mechanisms of this species to design better therapeutic approaches to the management of these infections. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T11:39:24Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-98f3a91a7e5844c780201a9860cdd001 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2607 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T11:39:24Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Microorganisms |
| spelling | doaj.art-98f3a91a7e5844c780201a9860cdd0012023-11-30T23:36:16ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072022-12-011119010.3390/microorganisms11010090Updated Review on the Mechanisms of Pathogenicity in <i>Mycobacterium abscessus</i>, a Rapidly Growing Emerging PathogenPaula López-Roa0Jaime Esteban1María-Carmen Muñoz-Egea2Department of Clinical Microbiology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, SpainDepartment of Clinical Microbiology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, UAM, 28040 Madrid, SpainDepartment of Clinical Microbiology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, UAM, 28040 Madrid, SpainIn recent years, <i>Mycobacterium abscessus</i> has appeared as an emerging pathogen, with an increasing number of disease cases reported worldwide that mainly occur among patients with chronic lung diseases or impaired immune systems. The treatment of this pathogen represents a challenge due to the multi-drug-resistant nature of this species and its ability to evade most therapeutic approaches. However, although predisposing host factors for disease are well known, intrinsic pathogenicity mechanisms of this mycobacterium are still not elucidated. Like other mycobacteria, intracellular invasiveness and survival inside different cell lines are pathogenic factors related to the ability of <i>M. abscessus</i> to establish infection. Some of the molecular factors involved in this process are well-known and are present in the mycobacterial cell wall, such as trehalose-dimycolate and glycopeptidolipids. The ability to form biofilms is another pathogenic factor that is essential for the development of chronic disease and for promoting mycobacterial survival against the host immune system or different antibacterial treatments. This capability also seems to be related to glycopeptidolipids and other lipid molecules, and some studies have shown an intrinsic relationship between both pathogenic mechanisms. Antimicrobial resistance is also considered a mechanism of pathogenicity because it allows the mycobacterium to resist antimicrobial therapies and represents an advantage in polymicrobial biofilms. The recent description of hyperpathogenic strains with the potential interhuman transmission makes it necessary to increase our knowledge of pathogenic mechanisms of this species to design better therapeutic approaches to the management of these infections.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/1/90biofilmintracellularantimicrobial resistance<i>Mycobacterium</i><i>Mycobacterium abscessus</i> |
| spellingShingle | Paula López-Roa Jaime Esteban María-Carmen Muñoz-Egea Updated Review on the Mechanisms of Pathogenicity in <i>Mycobacterium abscessus</i>, a Rapidly Growing Emerging Pathogen Microorganisms biofilm intracellular antimicrobial resistance <i>Mycobacterium</i> <i>Mycobacterium abscessus</i> |
| title | Updated Review on the Mechanisms of Pathogenicity in <i>Mycobacterium abscessus</i>, a Rapidly Growing Emerging Pathogen |
| title_full | Updated Review on the Mechanisms of Pathogenicity in <i>Mycobacterium abscessus</i>, a Rapidly Growing Emerging Pathogen |
| title_fullStr | Updated Review on the Mechanisms of Pathogenicity in <i>Mycobacterium abscessus</i>, a Rapidly Growing Emerging Pathogen |
| title_full_unstemmed | Updated Review on the Mechanisms of Pathogenicity in <i>Mycobacterium abscessus</i>, a Rapidly Growing Emerging Pathogen |
| title_short | Updated Review on the Mechanisms of Pathogenicity in <i>Mycobacterium abscessus</i>, a Rapidly Growing Emerging Pathogen |
| title_sort | updated review on the mechanisms of pathogenicity in i mycobacterium abscessus i a rapidly growing emerging pathogen |
| topic | biofilm intracellular antimicrobial resistance <i>Mycobacterium</i> <i>Mycobacterium abscessus</i> |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/1/90 |
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