Polygalae Radix Oligosaccharide Esters May Relieve Depressive-like Behavior in Rats with Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress via Modulation of Gut Microbiota
Polygalae radix (PR) is a well-known traditional Chinese medicine that is used to treat depression, and polygalae radix oligosaccharide esters (PROEs) are the main active ingredient. Although gut microbiota are now believed to play key role in depression, the effects of PROEs on depression via modul...
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MDPI AG
2023-09-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/18/13877 |
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| author | Qijun Chen Tanrong Jia Xia Wu Xiaoqing Chen Jiajia Wang Yinying Ba |
| author_facet | Qijun Chen Tanrong Jia Xia Wu Xiaoqing Chen Jiajia Wang Yinying Ba |
| author_sort | Qijun Chen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Polygalae radix (PR) is a well-known traditional Chinese medicine that is used to treat depression, and polygalae radix oligosaccharide esters (PROEs) are the main active ingredient. Although gut microbiota are now believed to play key role in depression, the effects of PROEs on depression via modulation of gut microbiota remain unknown. In this article, we investigate the effect of PROEs on the gut microbiota of a depression rat and the possible mechanism responsible. The depression rat model was induced by solitary rearing combined with chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS). The depression-like behavior, the influence on the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, the contents of monoamine neurotransmitter in the hippocampus, and the quantity of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the feces were each assessed, and the serum levels of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were measured by ELISA. Additionally, ultrastructural changes of the duodenal and colonic epithelium were observed under transmission electron microscope, and the gut microbiota were profiled by using 16S rRNA sequencing. The results show that PROEs alleviated the depression-like behavior of the depression model rats, increased the level of monoamine neurotransmitters in the brain, and reduced the hyperfunction of the HPA axis. Furthermore, PROEs regulated the imbalance of the gut microbiota in the rats, relieving intestinal mucosal damage by increasing the relative abundance of gut microbiota with intestinal barrier protective functions, and adjusting the level of SCFAs in the feces, as well as the serum levels of LPS and IL-6. Thus, we find that PROEs had an antidepressant effect through the restructuring of gut microbiota that restored the function of the intestinal barrier, reduced the release of intestinal endotoxin, and constrained the inflammatory response. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T22:40:28Z |
| format | Article |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T22:40:28Z |
| publishDate | 2023-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-98f58f20d1ed4106b4aeb3e00fbbf7e02023-11-19T11:04:31ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672023-09-0124181387710.3390/ijms241813877Polygalae Radix Oligosaccharide Esters May Relieve Depressive-like Behavior in Rats with Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress via Modulation of Gut MicrobiotaQijun Chen0Tanrong Jia1Xia Wu2Xiaoqing Chen3Jiajia Wang4Yinying Ba5School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, No. 10, Xitoutiao, Youanmenwai Street, Beijing 100069, ChinaSchool of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, No. 10, Xitoutiao, Youanmenwai Street, Beijing 100069, ChinaSchool of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, No. 10, Xitoutiao, Youanmenwai Street, Beijing 100069, ChinaSchool of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, No. 10, Xitoutiao, Youanmenwai Street, Beijing 100069, ChinaSchool of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, No. 10, Xitoutiao, Youanmenwai Street, Beijing 100069, ChinaSchool of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, No. 10, Xitoutiao, Youanmenwai Street, Beijing 100069, ChinaPolygalae radix (PR) is a well-known traditional Chinese medicine that is used to treat depression, and polygalae radix oligosaccharide esters (PROEs) are the main active ingredient. Although gut microbiota are now believed to play key role in depression, the effects of PROEs on depression via modulation of gut microbiota remain unknown. In this article, we investigate the effect of PROEs on the gut microbiota of a depression rat and the possible mechanism responsible. The depression rat model was induced by solitary rearing combined with chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS). The depression-like behavior, the influence on the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, the contents of monoamine neurotransmitter in the hippocampus, and the quantity of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the feces were each assessed, and the serum levels of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were measured by ELISA. Additionally, ultrastructural changes of the duodenal and colonic epithelium were observed under transmission electron microscope, and the gut microbiota were profiled by using 16S rRNA sequencing. The results show that PROEs alleviated the depression-like behavior of the depression model rats, increased the level of monoamine neurotransmitters in the brain, and reduced the hyperfunction of the HPA axis. Furthermore, PROEs regulated the imbalance of the gut microbiota in the rats, relieving intestinal mucosal damage by increasing the relative abundance of gut microbiota with intestinal barrier protective functions, and adjusting the level of SCFAs in the feces, as well as the serum levels of LPS and IL-6. Thus, we find that PROEs had an antidepressant effect through the restructuring of gut microbiota that restored the function of the intestinal barrier, reduced the release of intestinal endotoxin, and constrained the inflammatory response.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/18/13877polygalae radix oligosaccharide estersdepressionchronic unpredictable mild stressgut microbiotaintestinal barrier |
| spellingShingle | Qijun Chen Tanrong Jia Xia Wu Xiaoqing Chen Jiajia Wang Yinying Ba Polygalae Radix Oligosaccharide Esters May Relieve Depressive-like Behavior in Rats with Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress via Modulation of Gut Microbiota International Journal of Molecular Sciences polygalae radix oligosaccharide esters depression chronic unpredictable mild stress gut microbiota intestinal barrier |
| title | Polygalae Radix Oligosaccharide Esters May Relieve Depressive-like Behavior in Rats with Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress via Modulation of Gut Microbiota |
| title_full | Polygalae Radix Oligosaccharide Esters May Relieve Depressive-like Behavior in Rats with Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress via Modulation of Gut Microbiota |
| title_fullStr | Polygalae Radix Oligosaccharide Esters May Relieve Depressive-like Behavior in Rats with Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress via Modulation of Gut Microbiota |
| title_full_unstemmed | Polygalae Radix Oligosaccharide Esters May Relieve Depressive-like Behavior in Rats with Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress via Modulation of Gut Microbiota |
| title_short | Polygalae Radix Oligosaccharide Esters May Relieve Depressive-like Behavior in Rats with Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress via Modulation of Gut Microbiota |
| title_sort | polygalae radix oligosaccharide esters may relieve depressive like behavior in rats with chronic unpredictable mild stress via modulation of gut microbiota |
| topic | polygalae radix oligosaccharide esters depression chronic unpredictable mild stress gut microbiota intestinal barrier |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/18/13877 |
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