Corticospinal Tract and Related Grey Matter Morphometric Shape Analysis in ALS Phenotypes: A Fractal Dimension Study
A pathological hallmark of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is corticospinal tract (CST) degeneration resulting in upper motor neuron (UMN) dysfunction. No quantitative test is available to easily assess UMN pathways. Brain neuroimaging in ALS promises to potentially change this through identifyi...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2021-03-01
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| Series: | Brain Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/11/3/371 |
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| author | Venkateswaran Rajagopalan Erik P. Pioro |
| author_facet | Venkateswaran Rajagopalan Erik P. Pioro |
| author_sort | Venkateswaran Rajagopalan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | A pathological hallmark of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is corticospinal tract (CST) degeneration resulting in upper motor neuron (UMN) dysfunction. No quantitative test is available to easily assess UMN pathways. Brain neuroimaging in ALS promises to potentially change this through identifying biomarkers of UMN dysfunction that may accelerate diagnosis and track disease progression. Fractal dimension (FD) has successfully been used to quantify brain grey matter (GM) and white matter (WM) shape complexity in various neurological disorders. Therefore, we investigated CST and whole brain GM and WM morphometric changes using FD analyses in ALS patients with different phenotypes. We hypothesized that FD would detect differences between ALS patients and neurologic controls and even between the ALS subgroups. Neuroimaging was performed in neurologic controls (<i>n</i> = 14), and ALS patients (<i>n</i> = 75). ALS patients were assigned into four groups based on their clinical or radiographic phenotypes. FD values were estimated for brain WM and GM structures. Patients with ALS and frontotemporal dementia (ALS-FTD) showed significantly higher CST FD values and lower primary motor and sensory cortex GM FD values compared to other ALS groups. No other group of ALS patients revealed significant FD value changes when compared to neurologic controls or with other ALS patient groups. These findings support a more severe disease process in ALS-FTD patients compared to other ALS patient groups. FD value measures may be a sensitive index to evaluate GM and WM (including CST) degeneration in ALS patients. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T13:15:39Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-98fd5b3a522f4f4bb70ecc65f2b8dc14 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3425 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T13:15:39Z |
| publishDate | 2021-03-01 |
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| series | Brain Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-98fd5b3a522f4f4bb70ecc65f2b8dc142023-11-21T10:26:19ZengMDPI AGBrain Sciences2076-34252021-03-0111337110.3390/brainsci11030371Corticospinal Tract and Related Grey Matter Morphometric Shape Analysis in ALS Phenotypes: A Fractal Dimension StudyVenkateswaran Rajagopalan0Erik P. Pioro1Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad 500078, IndiaNeuromuscular Center, Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Cleveland, OH 44195, USAA pathological hallmark of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is corticospinal tract (CST) degeneration resulting in upper motor neuron (UMN) dysfunction. No quantitative test is available to easily assess UMN pathways. Brain neuroimaging in ALS promises to potentially change this through identifying biomarkers of UMN dysfunction that may accelerate diagnosis and track disease progression. Fractal dimension (FD) has successfully been used to quantify brain grey matter (GM) and white matter (WM) shape complexity in various neurological disorders. Therefore, we investigated CST and whole brain GM and WM morphometric changes using FD analyses in ALS patients with different phenotypes. We hypothesized that FD would detect differences between ALS patients and neurologic controls and even between the ALS subgroups. Neuroimaging was performed in neurologic controls (<i>n</i> = 14), and ALS patients (<i>n</i> = 75). ALS patients were assigned into four groups based on their clinical or radiographic phenotypes. FD values were estimated for brain WM and GM structures. Patients with ALS and frontotemporal dementia (ALS-FTD) showed significantly higher CST FD values and lower primary motor and sensory cortex GM FD values compared to other ALS groups. No other group of ALS patients revealed significant FD value changes when compared to neurologic controls or with other ALS patient groups. These findings support a more severe disease process in ALS-FTD patients compared to other ALS patient groups. FD value measures may be a sensitive index to evaluate GM and WM (including CST) degeneration in ALS patients.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/11/3/371amyotrophic lateral sclerosiscorticospinal tractfractal dimensiongrey matterwhite matter |
| spellingShingle | Venkateswaran Rajagopalan Erik P. Pioro Corticospinal Tract and Related Grey Matter Morphometric Shape Analysis in ALS Phenotypes: A Fractal Dimension Study Brain Sciences amyotrophic lateral sclerosis corticospinal tract fractal dimension grey matter white matter |
| title | Corticospinal Tract and Related Grey Matter Morphometric Shape Analysis in ALS Phenotypes: A Fractal Dimension Study |
| title_full | Corticospinal Tract and Related Grey Matter Morphometric Shape Analysis in ALS Phenotypes: A Fractal Dimension Study |
| title_fullStr | Corticospinal Tract and Related Grey Matter Morphometric Shape Analysis in ALS Phenotypes: A Fractal Dimension Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Corticospinal Tract and Related Grey Matter Morphometric Shape Analysis in ALS Phenotypes: A Fractal Dimension Study |
| title_short | Corticospinal Tract and Related Grey Matter Morphometric Shape Analysis in ALS Phenotypes: A Fractal Dimension Study |
| title_sort | corticospinal tract and related grey matter morphometric shape analysis in als phenotypes a fractal dimension study |
| topic | amyotrophic lateral sclerosis corticospinal tract fractal dimension grey matter white matter |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/11/3/371 |
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