<i>Mycobacterium bovis</i> Infection in Red Foxes in Four Animal Tuberculosis Endemic Areas in France
In France, animal tuberculosis (TB) due to <i>Mycobacterium bovis</i> (<i>M.</i> <i>bovis</i>) affects a multi-host community that include cattle and wildlife species such as wild boars (<i>Sus scrofa</i>), badgers (<i>Meles meles</i>), or...
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MDPI AG
2020-07-01
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| Series: | Microorganisms |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/8/7/1070 |
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| author | Céline Richomme Edouard Réveillaud Jean-Louis Moyen Perrine Sabatier Krystel De Cruz Lorraine Michelet Maria Laura Boschiroli |
| author_facet | Céline Richomme Edouard Réveillaud Jean-Louis Moyen Perrine Sabatier Krystel De Cruz Lorraine Michelet Maria Laura Boschiroli |
| author_sort | Céline Richomme |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In France, animal tuberculosis (TB) due to <i>Mycobacterium bovis</i> (<i>M.</i> <i>bovis</i>) affects a multi-host community that include cattle and wildlife species such as wild boars (<i>Sus scrofa</i>), badgers (<i>Meles meles</i>), or wild deer (<i>Cervus elaphus, Capreolus capreolus</i>). The involvement of foxes in the epidemiology of TB is fairly described in countries facing multispecies concerns. After the discovery of grouped cases of TB in foxes in a French TB endemic region, a study was implemented in the core of four TB endemic areas in Dordogne, Charente, Landes (departments of Nouvelle-Aquitaine region), and Côte-d’Or (Burgundy-Franche-Comté region). No infected fox was found in Côte-d’Or (n = 146), where in parallel TB in cattle and other wild species became sparse in the last years. In contrast, in Dordogne, Charente, and Landes, 13 (n = 184), 9 (n = 98) and 7 (n = 140) foxes were found infected by <i>M.</i> <i>bovis</i>, respectively, corresponding to 7.1% (CI<sub>95%</sub> 3.8–11.8%), 9.2% (4.3–16.7%) and 5.0% (CI<sub>95%</sub> 2.0–10.0%) prevalence rates, respectively. These infection rates are comparable with those observed in badgers and wild boar in these same three areas (ranging from 9 to 13.2% and 4.3 to 17.9%, respectively), where the number of cattle outbreaks has increased in the last 10-15 years. In each area, the genotypes of foxes’ <i>M.</i> <i>bovis</i> isolates were the same as those in local cattle and other wildlife species. None of the infected foxes presented TB-like gross lesions. <i>M.</i> <i>bovis</i> was found in the mesenteric lymph nodes of 28 foxes (68%). For the 12 foxes where retropharyngeal and respiratory lymph nodes were analyzed separately, <i>M.</i> <i>bovis</i> was present in the respiratory lymph nodes of eight individuals. With regard to excretion, appropriate samples were available for 12 infected foxes from Dordogne. <i>M.</i> <i>bovis</i> DNA was detected in the feces of five of these animals, four of which were infected in the mesenteric lymph nodes. Combined with the knowledge on the biology and ecology of foxes, the results of this study suggest that in areas where infection in cattle is still active in France, foxes might play a role of spillover host in the epidemiology of <i>M.</i> <i>bovis</i>. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T18:23:54Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2607 |
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| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T18:23:54Z |
| publishDate | 2020-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Microorganisms |
| spelling | doaj.art-99045e322c3941f3bcf8d5d914f278352023-11-20T07:08:56ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072020-07-0187107010.3390/microorganisms8071070<i>Mycobacterium bovis</i> Infection in Red Foxes in Four Animal Tuberculosis Endemic Areas in FranceCéline Richomme0Edouard Réveillaud1Jean-Louis Moyen2Perrine Sabatier3Krystel De Cruz4Lorraine Michelet5Maria Laura Boschiroli6Nancy Laboratory for Rabies and Wildlife, ANSES, 54220 Malzéville, FranceRegional Directorate for Food, Agriculture and Forest of Nouvelle-Aquitaine, 87000 Limoges, FranceLaboratoire Départemental d’Analyse et de Recherche de la Dordogne, 24660 Coulounieix-Chamiers, FranceNancy Laboratory for Rabies and Wildlife, ANSES, 54220 Malzéville, FranceTuberculosis National Reference Laboratory, Laboratory for Animal Health, ANSES, University Paris-Est, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, FranceTuberculosis National Reference Laboratory, Laboratory for Animal Health, ANSES, University Paris-Est, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, FranceTuberculosis National Reference Laboratory, Laboratory for Animal Health, ANSES, University Paris-Est, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, FranceIn France, animal tuberculosis (TB) due to <i>Mycobacterium bovis</i> (<i>M.</i> <i>bovis</i>) affects a multi-host community that include cattle and wildlife species such as wild boars (<i>Sus scrofa</i>), badgers (<i>Meles meles</i>), or wild deer (<i>Cervus elaphus, Capreolus capreolus</i>). The involvement of foxes in the epidemiology of TB is fairly described in countries facing multispecies concerns. After the discovery of grouped cases of TB in foxes in a French TB endemic region, a study was implemented in the core of four TB endemic areas in Dordogne, Charente, Landes (departments of Nouvelle-Aquitaine region), and Côte-d’Or (Burgundy-Franche-Comté region). No infected fox was found in Côte-d’Or (n = 146), where in parallel TB in cattle and other wild species became sparse in the last years. In contrast, in Dordogne, Charente, and Landes, 13 (n = 184), 9 (n = 98) and 7 (n = 140) foxes were found infected by <i>M.</i> <i>bovis</i>, respectively, corresponding to 7.1% (CI<sub>95%</sub> 3.8–11.8%), 9.2% (4.3–16.7%) and 5.0% (CI<sub>95%</sub> 2.0–10.0%) prevalence rates, respectively. These infection rates are comparable with those observed in badgers and wild boar in these same three areas (ranging from 9 to 13.2% and 4.3 to 17.9%, respectively), where the number of cattle outbreaks has increased in the last 10-15 years. In each area, the genotypes of foxes’ <i>M.</i> <i>bovis</i> isolates were the same as those in local cattle and other wildlife species. None of the infected foxes presented TB-like gross lesions. <i>M.</i> <i>bovis</i> was found in the mesenteric lymph nodes of 28 foxes (68%). For the 12 foxes where retropharyngeal and respiratory lymph nodes were analyzed separately, <i>M.</i> <i>bovis</i> was present in the respiratory lymph nodes of eight individuals. With regard to excretion, appropriate samples were available for 12 infected foxes from Dordogne. <i>M.</i> <i>bovis</i> DNA was detected in the feces of five of these animals, four of which were infected in the mesenteric lymph nodes. Combined with the knowledge on the biology and ecology of foxes, the results of this study suggest that in areas where infection in cattle is still active in France, foxes might play a role of spillover host in the epidemiology of <i>M.</i> <i>bovis</i>.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/8/7/1070animal tuberculosisred-foxesmulti-host communitiessurveillance and control |
| spellingShingle | Céline Richomme Edouard Réveillaud Jean-Louis Moyen Perrine Sabatier Krystel De Cruz Lorraine Michelet Maria Laura Boschiroli <i>Mycobacterium bovis</i> Infection in Red Foxes in Four Animal Tuberculosis Endemic Areas in France Microorganisms animal tuberculosis red-foxes multi-host communities surveillance and control |
| title | <i>Mycobacterium bovis</i> Infection in Red Foxes in Four Animal Tuberculosis Endemic Areas in France |
| title_full | <i>Mycobacterium bovis</i> Infection in Red Foxes in Four Animal Tuberculosis Endemic Areas in France |
| title_fullStr | <i>Mycobacterium bovis</i> Infection in Red Foxes in Four Animal Tuberculosis Endemic Areas in France |
| title_full_unstemmed | <i>Mycobacterium bovis</i> Infection in Red Foxes in Four Animal Tuberculosis Endemic Areas in France |
| title_short | <i>Mycobacterium bovis</i> Infection in Red Foxes in Four Animal Tuberculosis Endemic Areas in France |
| title_sort | i mycobacterium bovis i infection in red foxes in four animal tuberculosis endemic areas in france |
| topic | animal tuberculosis red-foxes multi-host communities surveillance and control |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/8/7/1070 |
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