Insecticide resistance status in Culex quinquefasciatus in Benin
Abstract Background Culex quinquefasciatus, an arboviral and filarial vector, is present year round in several cities of the Republic of Benin. There is more information on the resistance status to malaria vectors compared to Culicines. It is therefore unfortunate that the international focus is on...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2015-01-01
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| Series: | Parasites & Vectors |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-015-0638-3 |
| _version_ | 1827933784056528896 |
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| author | Agnes Yadouléton Kefilath Badirou Ramziath Agbanrin Hanna Jöst Roseline Attolou Ramasamy Srinivasan Gil Padonou Martin Akogbéto |
| author_facet | Agnes Yadouléton Kefilath Badirou Ramziath Agbanrin Hanna Jöst Roseline Attolou Ramasamy Srinivasan Gil Padonou Martin Akogbéto |
| author_sort | Agnes Yadouléton |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Culex quinquefasciatus, an arboviral and filarial vector, is present year round in several cities of the Republic of Benin. There is more information on the resistance status to malaria vectors compared to Culicines. It is therefore unfortunate that the international focus is on Anopheles control and not so much done against Cx. quinquefasciatus, a rather more resilient mosquito to many insecticides that deserves attention. The present study aims to assess the resistance status of Cx. quinquefasciatus to carbamates, pyrethroids and organochlorine and discuss the implications for vector control in four contrasting localities of the country. Methods Four contrasting localities of the country were selected for mosquito collection during the dry season based on their variation in agricultural production, use of insecticides and/or ecological settings. Bioassay were performed on adults collected from the field to assess the susceptibility of Cx. quinquefasciatus to insecticide-impregnated papers (permethrin 0.75%, delthamethrin 0.05%, DDT 4%, and bendiocarb 0.1%) following WHOPES guidelines. Molecular assays were carried out to detect the presence of knock down resistance (kdr) and acetylcholinesterase (ace. 1) mutations in surviving specimens using PCR techniques. Results WHO diagnostic tests showed high frequency of resistance in Cx. quinquefasciatus to permethrin (ranging from 4 to 24% mortality), deltamethrin (24 to 48%), DDT (4 to 12%) and bendiocarb (60 to 76%) in the four selected areas. This was consistent with the presence of target site insensitivity due to kdr and ace.1 mutations, which were significantly higher in areas where farmers used insecticides for pests control than in areas where no insecticides were used (p < 0.05.). Conclusion These findings showed that wild populations of Cx. quinquefasciatus have developed resistance against pyrethroids, organochlorine and carbamate. This situation of resistance may seriously jeopardize the efficacy of Insecticide Residual Spray (IRS) and Long-Lasting Insecticide nets (LLINs) on which, most African countries including Benin, rely to reduce malaria transmission. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-13T07:30:45Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-991b28a2e7e449128207f53d55a5d31e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1756-3305 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-13T07:30:45Z |
| publishDate | 2015-01-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Parasites & Vectors |
| spelling | doaj.art-991b28a2e7e449128207f53d55a5d31e2023-06-04T11:09:35ZengBMCParasites & Vectors1756-33052015-01-01811610.1186/s13071-015-0638-3Insecticide resistance status in Culex quinquefasciatus in BeninAgnes Yadouléton0Kefilath Badirou1Ramziath Agbanrin2Hanna Jöst3Roseline Attolou4Ramasamy Srinivasan5Gil Padonou6Martin Akogbéto7Centre de Recherche Entomologique de Cotonou (CREC)Centre de Recherche Entomologique de Cotonou (CREC)Centre de Recherche Entomologique de Cotonou (CREC)Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, WHO Collaborating Centre for Arbovirus and Haemmorrhagic Fever Reference and ResearchCentre de Recherche Entomologique de Cotonou (CREC)AVRDC-The World Vegetable CenterCentre de Recherche Entomologique de Cotonou (CREC)Centre de Recherche Entomologique de Cotonou (CREC)Abstract Background Culex quinquefasciatus, an arboviral and filarial vector, is present year round in several cities of the Republic of Benin. There is more information on the resistance status to malaria vectors compared to Culicines. It is therefore unfortunate that the international focus is on Anopheles control and not so much done against Cx. quinquefasciatus, a rather more resilient mosquito to many insecticides that deserves attention. The present study aims to assess the resistance status of Cx. quinquefasciatus to carbamates, pyrethroids and organochlorine and discuss the implications for vector control in four contrasting localities of the country. Methods Four contrasting localities of the country were selected for mosquito collection during the dry season based on their variation in agricultural production, use of insecticides and/or ecological settings. Bioassay were performed on adults collected from the field to assess the susceptibility of Cx. quinquefasciatus to insecticide-impregnated papers (permethrin 0.75%, delthamethrin 0.05%, DDT 4%, and bendiocarb 0.1%) following WHOPES guidelines. Molecular assays were carried out to detect the presence of knock down resistance (kdr) and acetylcholinesterase (ace. 1) mutations in surviving specimens using PCR techniques. Results WHO diagnostic tests showed high frequency of resistance in Cx. quinquefasciatus to permethrin (ranging from 4 to 24% mortality), deltamethrin (24 to 48%), DDT (4 to 12%) and bendiocarb (60 to 76%) in the four selected areas. This was consistent with the presence of target site insensitivity due to kdr and ace.1 mutations, which were significantly higher in areas where farmers used insecticides for pests control than in areas where no insecticides were used (p < 0.05.). Conclusion These findings showed that wild populations of Cx. quinquefasciatus have developed resistance against pyrethroids, organochlorine and carbamate. This situation of resistance may seriously jeopardize the efficacy of Insecticide Residual Spray (IRS) and Long-Lasting Insecticide nets (LLINs) on which, most African countries including Benin, rely to reduce malaria transmission.https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-015-0638-3Culex quinquefasciatusInsecticideResistanceAgricultureBenin |
| spellingShingle | Agnes Yadouléton Kefilath Badirou Ramziath Agbanrin Hanna Jöst Roseline Attolou Ramasamy Srinivasan Gil Padonou Martin Akogbéto Insecticide resistance status in Culex quinquefasciatus in Benin Parasites & Vectors Culex quinquefasciatus Insecticide Resistance Agriculture Benin |
| title | Insecticide resistance status in Culex quinquefasciatus in Benin |
| title_full | Insecticide resistance status in Culex quinquefasciatus in Benin |
| title_fullStr | Insecticide resistance status in Culex quinquefasciatus in Benin |
| title_full_unstemmed | Insecticide resistance status in Culex quinquefasciatus in Benin |
| title_short | Insecticide resistance status in Culex quinquefasciatus in Benin |
| title_sort | insecticide resistance status in culex quinquefasciatus in benin |
| topic | Culex quinquefasciatus Insecticide Resistance Agriculture Benin |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-015-0638-3 |
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