Prevalence and risk factors of cytomegalovirus colitis in inflammatory bowel disease patients in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: A tertiary center experience

Background: Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are at a higher risk of cytomegalovirus (CMV) colitis because of their immunocompromised status. There are no studies from Saudi Arabia regarding the prevalence of CMV colitis in patients with IBD. Objective: To determine the prevalence, cha...

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Main Authors: Yazeed Alotaibi, Abed AlLehibi, Abdullah Almtawa, Nawaf Alotaibi, Adel Alghamdi, Saad Alrajhi, Adel AlQutub, Ahmad AlEid, Abdulrhman Alamr, Bashaar Al Ibrahim, Mohammed Alahmari, Hussam Alhamidi, Shameem Ahmad, Fouad Alshammari, Fahad Almotawa, Youssef Altannir, Ahmed Alghamdi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications 2023-01-01
Series:Saudi Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences
Subjects:
Online Access:http://www.sjmms.net/article.asp?issn=1658-631X;year=2023;volume=11;issue=4;spage=305;epage=313;aulast=Alotaibi
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author Yazeed Alotaibi
Abed AlLehibi
Abdullah Almtawa
Nawaf Alotaibi
Adel Alghamdi
Saad Alrajhi
Adel AlQutub
Ahmad AlEid
Abdulrhman Alamr
Bashaar Al Ibrahim
Mohammed Alahmari
Hussam Alhamidi
Shameem Ahmad
Fouad Alshammari
Fahad Almotawa
Youssef Altannir
Ahmed Alghamdi
author_facet Yazeed Alotaibi
Abed AlLehibi
Abdullah Almtawa
Nawaf Alotaibi
Adel Alghamdi
Saad Alrajhi
Adel AlQutub
Ahmad AlEid
Abdulrhman Alamr
Bashaar Al Ibrahim
Mohammed Alahmari
Hussam Alhamidi
Shameem Ahmad
Fouad Alshammari
Fahad Almotawa
Youssef Altannir
Ahmed Alghamdi
author_sort Yazeed Alotaibi
collection DOAJ
description Background: Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are at a higher risk of cytomegalovirus (CMV) colitis because of their immunocompromised status. There are no studies from Saudi Arabia regarding the prevalence of CMV colitis in patients with IBD. Objective: To determine the prevalence, characteristics, and risk factors of CMV colitis in patients with IBD in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study included patients with a confirmed diagnosis of IBD (aged 14–75 years) who were followed up at King Fahad Medical City, a referral care center in Riyadh, between January 2016 and December 2021; patients with indeterminate colitis or incomplete medical records were excluded. Results: A total of 341 patients with IBD were included, of which 236 (72.2%) had Crohn's disease (CD) and 105 (27.8%) had ulcerative colitis (UC). Qualitative CMV PCR was done for 192 patients (60 UC and 132 CD patients), of which 14 patients were positive for CMV colitis (7.3%), and all positive CMV colitis cases were among UC patients (23.3%). However, the hematoxylin and eosin (H and E) stain and immunohistochemistry were negative for all patients. Most patients with CMV colitis were on steroids (71.4%), had at least one flare-up (64.3%), and were on biologic treatment (71.4%). Significant predictors of CMV colitis were hemoglobin (OR: 0.7; 95% CI: 0.51–0.96), albumin (OR: 0.88; 95% CI: 0.78–0.98), and C-reactive protein (OR: 1.03; 95% CI: 1.01–1.06) levels. Conclusion: This study found that the prevalence of CMV colitis was 7.3% among patients with IBD, and no case was diagnosed in patients with CD. In addition, as all cases diagnosed using qualitative CMV PCR were negative on H and E stain and immunohistochemistry, there is need for large-scale studies to improve the diagnosis of CMV colitis.
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spelling doaj.art-993d6dd81d28403c8b54d66e9490c59f2024-04-03T06:42:58ZengWolters Kluwer Medknow PublicationsSaudi Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences1658-631X2023-01-0111430531310.4103/sjmms.sjmms_175_23Prevalence and risk factors of cytomegalovirus colitis in inflammatory bowel disease patients in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: A tertiary center experienceYazeed AlotaibiAbed AlLehibiAbdullah AlmtawaNawaf AlotaibiAdel AlghamdiSaad AlrajhiAdel AlQutubAhmad AlEidAbdulrhman AlamrBashaar Al IbrahimMohammed AlahmariHussam AlhamidiShameem AhmadFouad AlshammariFahad AlmotawaYoussef AltannirAhmed AlghamdiBackground: Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are at a higher risk of cytomegalovirus (CMV) colitis because of their immunocompromised status. There are no studies from Saudi Arabia regarding the prevalence of CMV colitis in patients with IBD. Objective: To determine the prevalence, characteristics, and risk factors of CMV colitis in patients with IBD in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study included patients with a confirmed diagnosis of IBD (aged 14–75 years) who were followed up at King Fahad Medical City, a referral care center in Riyadh, between January 2016 and December 2021; patients with indeterminate colitis or incomplete medical records were excluded. Results: A total of 341 patients with IBD were included, of which 236 (72.2%) had Crohn's disease (CD) and 105 (27.8%) had ulcerative colitis (UC). Qualitative CMV PCR was done for 192 patients (60 UC and 132 CD patients), of which 14 patients were positive for CMV colitis (7.3%), and all positive CMV colitis cases were among UC patients (23.3%). However, the hematoxylin and eosin (H and E) stain and immunohistochemistry were negative for all patients. Most patients with CMV colitis were on steroids (71.4%), had at least one flare-up (64.3%), and were on biologic treatment (71.4%). Significant predictors of CMV colitis were hemoglobin (OR: 0.7; 95% CI: 0.51–0.96), albumin (OR: 0.88; 95% CI: 0.78–0.98), and C-reactive protein (OR: 1.03; 95% CI: 1.01–1.06) levels. Conclusion: This study found that the prevalence of CMV colitis was 7.3% among patients with IBD, and no case was diagnosed in patients with CD. In addition, as all cases diagnosed using qualitative CMV PCR were negative on H and E stain and immunohistochemistry, there is need for large-scale studies to improve the diagnosis of CMV colitis.http://www.sjmms.net/article.asp?issn=1658-631X;year=2023;volume=11;issue=4;spage=305;epage=313;aulast=Alotaibicrohn's diseasecytomegalovirus colitisepidemiologydiagnosisimmunocompromisedinflammatory bowel diseasesteroidsulcerative colitis
spellingShingle Yazeed Alotaibi
Abed AlLehibi
Abdullah Almtawa
Nawaf Alotaibi
Adel Alghamdi
Saad Alrajhi
Adel AlQutub
Ahmad AlEid
Abdulrhman Alamr
Bashaar Al Ibrahim
Mohammed Alahmari
Hussam Alhamidi
Shameem Ahmad
Fouad Alshammari
Fahad Almotawa
Youssef Altannir
Ahmed Alghamdi
Prevalence and risk factors of cytomegalovirus colitis in inflammatory bowel disease patients in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: A tertiary center experience
Saudi Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences
crohn's disease
cytomegalovirus colitis
epidemiology
diagnosis
immunocompromised
inflammatory bowel disease
steroids
ulcerative colitis
title Prevalence and risk factors of cytomegalovirus colitis in inflammatory bowel disease patients in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: A tertiary center experience
title_full Prevalence and risk factors of cytomegalovirus colitis in inflammatory bowel disease patients in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: A tertiary center experience
title_fullStr Prevalence and risk factors of cytomegalovirus colitis in inflammatory bowel disease patients in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: A tertiary center experience
title_full_unstemmed Prevalence and risk factors of cytomegalovirus colitis in inflammatory bowel disease patients in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: A tertiary center experience
title_short Prevalence and risk factors of cytomegalovirus colitis in inflammatory bowel disease patients in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: A tertiary center experience
title_sort prevalence and risk factors of cytomegalovirus colitis in inflammatory bowel disease patients in riyadh saudi arabia a tertiary center experience
topic crohn's disease
cytomegalovirus colitis
epidemiology
diagnosis
immunocompromised
inflammatory bowel disease
steroids
ulcerative colitis
url http://www.sjmms.net/article.asp?issn=1658-631X;year=2023;volume=11;issue=4;spage=305;epage=313;aulast=Alotaibi
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