Oligoclonal Band Straightening Based on Optimized Hierarchical Warping for Multiple Sclerosis Diagnosis
The detection of immunoglobulin G (IgG) oligoclonal bands (OCB) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) by isoelectric focusing (IEF) is a valuable tool for the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. Over the last decade, the results of our clinical research have suggested that tears are a non-invasive alternative t...
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MDPI AG
2022-01-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/3/724 |
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| author | Farah Haddad Samuel Boudet Laurent Peyrodie Nicolas Vandenbroucke Julien Poupart Patrick Hautecoeur Vincent Chieux Gérard Forzy |
| author_facet | Farah Haddad Samuel Boudet Laurent Peyrodie Nicolas Vandenbroucke Julien Poupart Patrick Hautecoeur Vincent Chieux Gérard Forzy |
| author_sort | Farah Haddad |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The detection of immunoglobulin G (IgG) oligoclonal bands (OCB) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) by isoelectric focusing (IEF) is a valuable tool for the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. Over the last decade, the results of our clinical research have suggested that tears are a non-invasive alternative to CSF. However, since tear samples have a lower IgG concentration than CSF, a sensitive OCB detection is therefore required. We are developing the first automatic tool for IEF analysis, with a view to speeding up the current visual inspection method, removing user variability, reducing misinterpretation, and facilitating OCB quantification and follow-up studies. The removal of band distortion is a key image enhancement step in increasing the reliability of automatic OCB detection. Here, we describe a novel, fully automatic band-straightening algorithm. The algorithm is based on a correlation directional warping function, estimated using an energy minimization procedure. The approach was optimized via an innovative coupling of a hierarchy of image resolutions to a hierarchy of transformation, in which band misalignment is corrected at successively finer scales. The algorithm’s performance was assessed in terms of the bands’ standard deviation before and after straightening, using a synthetic dataset and a set of 200 lanes of CSF, tear, serum and control samples on which experts had manually delineated the bands. The number of distorted bands was divided by almost 16 for the synthetic lanes and by 7 for the test dataset of real lanes. This method can be applied effectively to different sample types. It can realign minimal contrast bands and is robust for non-uniform deformations. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T23:11:55Z |
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| id | doaj.art-993fd37ec5984a1f9880f02e2dc30a93 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T23:11:55Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-993fd37ec5984a1f9880f02e2dc30a932023-11-23T17:44:14ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202022-01-0122372410.3390/s22030724Oligoclonal Band Straightening Based on Optimized Hierarchical Warping for Multiple Sclerosis DiagnosisFarah Haddad0Samuel Boudet1Laurent Peyrodie2Nicolas Vandenbroucke3Julien Poupart4Patrick Hautecoeur5Vincent Chieux6Gérard Forzy7Biomedical Signal Processing Unit (UTSB), Lille Catholic University, F-59000 Lille, FranceBiomedical Signal Processing Unit (UTSB), Lille Catholic University, F-59000 Lille, FranceBiomedical Signal Processing Unit (UTSB), Lille Catholic University, F-59000 Lille, FranceLaboratoire d’Informatique Signal et Image de la Côte d’Opale (LISIC), Université du Littoral Côte d’Opale (ULCO), F-62228 Calais, FranceLille Catholic Hospital (GHICL), F-59160 Lomme, FranceFaculty of Medicine and Midwifery (FMM), Lille Catholic Institute (ICL), F-59800 Lille, FranceLille Catholic Hospital (GHICL), F-59160 Lomme, FranceFaculty of Medicine and Midwifery (FMM), Lille Catholic Institute (ICL), F-59800 Lille, FranceThe detection of immunoglobulin G (IgG) oligoclonal bands (OCB) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) by isoelectric focusing (IEF) is a valuable tool for the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. Over the last decade, the results of our clinical research have suggested that tears are a non-invasive alternative to CSF. However, since tear samples have a lower IgG concentration than CSF, a sensitive OCB detection is therefore required. We are developing the first automatic tool for IEF analysis, with a view to speeding up the current visual inspection method, removing user variability, reducing misinterpretation, and facilitating OCB quantification and follow-up studies. The removal of band distortion is a key image enhancement step in increasing the reliability of automatic OCB detection. Here, we describe a novel, fully automatic band-straightening algorithm. The algorithm is based on a correlation directional warping function, estimated using an energy minimization procedure. The approach was optimized via an innovative coupling of a hierarchy of image resolutions to a hierarchy of transformation, in which band misalignment is corrected at successively finer scales. The algorithm’s performance was assessed in terms of the bands’ standard deviation before and after straightening, using a synthetic dataset and a set of 200 lanes of CSF, tear, serum and control samples on which experts had manually delineated the bands. The number of distorted bands was divided by almost 16 for the synthetic lanes and by 7 for the test dataset of real lanes. This method can be applied effectively to different sample types. It can realign minimal contrast bands and is robust for non-uniform deformations.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/3/724multiple sclerosisgel electrophoresisisoelectric focusingoligoclonal bandscerebrospinal fluidtears |
| spellingShingle | Farah Haddad Samuel Boudet Laurent Peyrodie Nicolas Vandenbroucke Julien Poupart Patrick Hautecoeur Vincent Chieux Gérard Forzy Oligoclonal Band Straightening Based on Optimized Hierarchical Warping for Multiple Sclerosis Diagnosis Sensors multiple sclerosis gel electrophoresis isoelectric focusing oligoclonal bands cerebrospinal fluid tears |
| title | Oligoclonal Band Straightening Based on Optimized Hierarchical Warping for Multiple Sclerosis Diagnosis |
| title_full | Oligoclonal Band Straightening Based on Optimized Hierarchical Warping for Multiple Sclerosis Diagnosis |
| title_fullStr | Oligoclonal Band Straightening Based on Optimized Hierarchical Warping for Multiple Sclerosis Diagnosis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Oligoclonal Band Straightening Based on Optimized Hierarchical Warping for Multiple Sclerosis Diagnosis |
| title_short | Oligoclonal Band Straightening Based on Optimized Hierarchical Warping for Multiple Sclerosis Diagnosis |
| title_sort | oligoclonal band straightening based on optimized hierarchical warping for multiple sclerosis diagnosis |
| topic | multiple sclerosis gel electrophoresis isoelectric focusing oligoclonal bands cerebrospinal fluid tears |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/3/724 |
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