The Pekin duck programmed death ligand-2: cDNA cloning, genomic structure, molecular characterization and expression analysis
Programmed death-1 (PD-1), upon engagement by its ligands, programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) and programmed death ligand-2 (PD-L2), provides signals that attenuate adaptive immune responses. Here we describe the identification of the Pekin duck PD-L2 (duPD-L2) and its gene structure. The duPD-L2 cDN...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2018-03-01
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| Series: | Biochemistry and Biophysics Reports |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405580818300177 |
| _version_ | 1811339197322100736 |
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| author | Qingxia Yao Karl P. Fischer D. Lorne Tyrrell Klaus S. Gutfreund |
| author_facet | Qingxia Yao Karl P. Fischer D. Lorne Tyrrell Klaus S. Gutfreund |
| author_sort | Qingxia Yao |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Programmed death-1 (PD-1), upon engagement by its ligands, programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) and programmed death ligand-2 (PD-L2), provides signals that attenuate adaptive immune responses. Here we describe the identification of the Pekin duck PD-L2 (duPD-L2) and its gene structure. The duPD-L2 cDNA encodes a 321 amino acid protein that has an amino acid identity of 76% and 35% with chicken and human PD-L2, respectively. Mapping of the duPD-L2 cDNA with duck genomic sequences revealed an exonic structure similar to that of the human Pdcd1lg2 gene. Homology modelling of the duPD-L2 protein was compatible with the murine PD-L2 ectodomain structure. Residues known to be important for PD-1 receptor binding of murine PD-L2 were mostly conserved in duPD-L2 within sheets A and G and partially conserved within sheets C and F. DuPD-L2 mRNA was constitutively expressed in all tissues examined with highest expression levels in lung, spleen, cloaca, bursa, cecal tonsil, duodenum and very low levels of expression in muscle, kidney and brain. Lipopolysaccharide treatment of adherent duck PBMC upregulated duPD-L2 mRNA expression. Our work shows evolutionary conservation of the PD-L2 ectodomain structure and residues important for PD-1 binding in vertebrates including fish. The information provided will be useful for further investigation of the role of duPD-L2 in the regulation of duck adaptive immunity and exploration of PD-1-targeted immunotherapies in the duck hepatitis B infection model. Keywords: Programmed death ligand-2, Gene cloning, Genomic organization, Homology modelling, Expression analysis, Pekin duck |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T18:21:48Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-994292888144450980529c44ebc8f296 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2405-5808 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T18:21:48Z |
| publishDate | 2018-03-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biochemistry and Biophysics Reports |
| spelling | doaj.art-994292888144450980529c44ebc8f2962022-12-22T02:35:24ZengElsevierBiochemistry and Biophysics Reports2405-58082018-03-0113116122The Pekin duck programmed death ligand-2: cDNA cloning, genomic structure, molecular characterization and expression analysisQingxia Yao0Karl P. Fischer1D. Lorne Tyrrell2Klaus S. Gutfreund3Depts. of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada; Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, CanadaMedical Microbiology & Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada; Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, CanadaDepts. of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada; Medical Microbiology & Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada; Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, CanadaDepts. of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada; Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada; Correspondence to: Liver Unit, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Zeidler Ledcor Centre, 130 University Campus, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2XB.Programmed death-1 (PD-1), upon engagement by its ligands, programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) and programmed death ligand-2 (PD-L2), provides signals that attenuate adaptive immune responses. Here we describe the identification of the Pekin duck PD-L2 (duPD-L2) and its gene structure. The duPD-L2 cDNA encodes a 321 amino acid protein that has an amino acid identity of 76% and 35% with chicken and human PD-L2, respectively. Mapping of the duPD-L2 cDNA with duck genomic sequences revealed an exonic structure similar to that of the human Pdcd1lg2 gene. Homology modelling of the duPD-L2 protein was compatible with the murine PD-L2 ectodomain structure. Residues known to be important for PD-1 receptor binding of murine PD-L2 were mostly conserved in duPD-L2 within sheets A and G and partially conserved within sheets C and F. DuPD-L2 mRNA was constitutively expressed in all tissues examined with highest expression levels in lung, spleen, cloaca, bursa, cecal tonsil, duodenum and very low levels of expression in muscle, kidney and brain. Lipopolysaccharide treatment of adherent duck PBMC upregulated duPD-L2 mRNA expression. Our work shows evolutionary conservation of the PD-L2 ectodomain structure and residues important for PD-1 binding in vertebrates including fish. The information provided will be useful for further investigation of the role of duPD-L2 in the regulation of duck adaptive immunity and exploration of PD-1-targeted immunotherapies in the duck hepatitis B infection model. Keywords: Programmed death ligand-2, Gene cloning, Genomic organization, Homology modelling, Expression analysis, Pekin duckhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405580818300177 |
| spellingShingle | Qingxia Yao Karl P. Fischer D. Lorne Tyrrell Klaus S. Gutfreund The Pekin duck programmed death ligand-2: cDNA cloning, genomic structure, molecular characterization and expression analysis Biochemistry and Biophysics Reports |
| title | The Pekin duck programmed death ligand-2: cDNA cloning, genomic structure, molecular characterization and expression analysis |
| title_full | The Pekin duck programmed death ligand-2: cDNA cloning, genomic structure, molecular characterization and expression analysis |
| title_fullStr | The Pekin duck programmed death ligand-2: cDNA cloning, genomic structure, molecular characterization and expression analysis |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Pekin duck programmed death ligand-2: cDNA cloning, genomic structure, molecular characterization and expression analysis |
| title_short | The Pekin duck programmed death ligand-2: cDNA cloning, genomic structure, molecular characterization and expression analysis |
| title_sort | pekin duck programmed death ligand 2 cdna cloning genomic structure molecular characterization and expression analysis |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405580818300177 |
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