Recent Development in NKT-Based Immunotherapy of Glioblastoma: From Bench to Bedside
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is an aggressive and dismal disease with a median overall survival of around 15 months and a 5-year survival rate of 7.2%. Owing to genetic mutations, drug resistance, disruption to the blood–brain barrier (BBB)/blood–brain tumor barrier (BBTB), and the complexity of th...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-01-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/3/1311 |
| _version_ | 1797487519549358080 |
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| author | Yutao Li Amit Sharma Jarek Maciaczyk Ingo G. H. Schmidt-Wolf |
| author_facet | Yutao Li Amit Sharma Jarek Maciaczyk Ingo G. H. Schmidt-Wolf |
| author_sort | Yutao Li |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is an aggressive and dismal disease with a median overall survival of around 15 months and a 5-year survival rate of 7.2%. Owing to genetic mutations, drug resistance, disruption to the blood–brain barrier (BBB)/blood–brain tumor barrier (BBTB), and the complexity of the immunosuppressive environment, the therapeutic approaches to GBM represent still major challenges. Conventional therapies, including surgery, radiotherapy, and standard chemotherapy with temozolomide, have not resulted in satisfactory improvements in the overall survival of GBM patients. Among cancer immunotherapeutic approaches, we propose that adjuvant NKT immunotherapy with invariant NKT (iNKT) and cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells may improve the clinical scenario of this devastating disease. Considering this, herein, we discuss the current strategies of NKT therapy for GBM based primarily on in vitro/in vivo experiments, clinical trials, and the combinatorial approaches with future therapeutic potential. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T23:48:52Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-994623dbc375468383731f91df8467af |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T23:48:52Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-994623dbc375468383731f91df8467af2023-11-23T16:38:24ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672022-01-01233131110.3390/ijms23031311Recent Development in NKT-Based Immunotherapy of Glioblastoma: From Bench to BedsideYutao Li0Amit Sharma1Jarek Maciaczyk2Ingo G. H. Schmidt-Wolf3Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), Department of Integrated Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, GermanyDepartment of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, GermanyDepartment of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, GermanyCenter for Integrated Oncology (CIO), Department of Integrated Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, GermanyGlioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is an aggressive and dismal disease with a median overall survival of around 15 months and a 5-year survival rate of 7.2%. Owing to genetic mutations, drug resistance, disruption to the blood–brain barrier (BBB)/blood–brain tumor barrier (BBTB), and the complexity of the immunosuppressive environment, the therapeutic approaches to GBM represent still major challenges. Conventional therapies, including surgery, radiotherapy, and standard chemotherapy with temozolomide, have not resulted in satisfactory improvements in the overall survival of GBM patients. Among cancer immunotherapeutic approaches, we propose that adjuvant NKT immunotherapy with invariant NKT (iNKT) and cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells may improve the clinical scenario of this devastating disease. Considering this, herein, we discuss the current strategies of NKT therapy for GBM based primarily on in vitro/in vivo experiments, clinical trials, and the combinatorial approaches with future therapeutic potential.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/3/1311glioblastomaimmunotherapyinvariant NKTcytokine-induced killer cellsblood–brain barrierblood–brain tumor barrier |
| spellingShingle | Yutao Li Amit Sharma Jarek Maciaczyk Ingo G. H. Schmidt-Wolf Recent Development in NKT-Based Immunotherapy of Glioblastoma: From Bench to Bedside International Journal of Molecular Sciences glioblastoma immunotherapy invariant NKT cytokine-induced killer cells blood–brain barrier blood–brain tumor barrier |
| title | Recent Development in NKT-Based Immunotherapy of Glioblastoma: From Bench to Bedside |
| title_full | Recent Development in NKT-Based Immunotherapy of Glioblastoma: From Bench to Bedside |
| title_fullStr | Recent Development in NKT-Based Immunotherapy of Glioblastoma: From Bench to Bedside |
| title_full_unstemmed | Recent Development in NKT-Based Immunotherapy of Glioblastoma: From Bench to Bedside |
| title_short | Recent Development in NKT-Based Immunotherapy of Glioblastoma: From Bench to Bedside |
| title_sort | recent development in nkt based immunotherapy of glioblastoma from bench to bedside |
| topic | glioblastoma immunotherapy invariant NKT cytokine-induced killer cells blood–brain barrier blood–brain tumor barrier |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/3/1311 |
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