From Left-Behind Children to Youth Labor Migrants: The Impact of Household Networks, Gendered Migration, and Relay Migration in Southeast Asia
Do children with migrant parents or migrant family members have a greater likelihood of migration as they reach adulthood? Three possible patterns of youth migration are examined in this study: (1) network migration, when families migrating first pave the way for subsequent generations to follow; (2...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-02-01
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| Series: | Social Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0760/12/3/135 |
| _version_ | 1797609006612611072 |
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| author | Cheng Chow Xiaochen Zhou Yao Fu Aree Jampaklay Lucy P. Jordan |
| author_facet | Cheng Chow Xiaochen Zhou Yao Fu Aree Jampaklay Lucy P. Jordan |
| author_sort | Cheng Chow |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Do children with migrant parents or migrant family members have a greater likelihood of migration as they reach adulthood? Three possible patterns of youth migration are examined in this study: (1) network migration, when families migrating first pave the way for subsequent generations to follow; (2) gendered migration, where the gender of migrant parents and left-behind children influences the probability of youth migration; and (3) relay migration, which involves transgenerational migration switching within a family. We use data collected from Thailand in 2008/2010 (Wave 1) and tracked in 2019 (Wave 2) to understand how the migration of parents and other family members influenced youth migration in 2019. Within the network effect, household migration was one of the driving forces behind youth migration, while mother-involved migration appeared to be strongly associated with youth labor migration, especially among males. There is, however, no evidence that return migration, whether parental or non-parental in the same household, was associated with an increased likelihood of youth labor migration. This study demonstrates the relative strength of network effects of household migration when compared to relay migration on youth migration. The findings also highlight the complexity of gender-based migration in the Thai context. This research contributes to the larger field of left-behind children and youth migration by establishing the transition between these two roles and illustrating different reasons for migration in sending countries. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T05:54:31Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-995c6e7ac63246d69c32b979be11bfb7 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-0760 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T05:54:31Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Social Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-995c6e7ac63246d69c32b979be11bfb72023-11-17T13:51:50ZengMDPI AGSocial Sciences2076-07602023-02-0112313510.3390/socsci12030135From Left-Behind Children to Youth Labor Migrants: The Impact of Household Networks, Gendered Migration, and Relay Migration in Southeast AsiaCheng Chow0Xiaochen Zhou1Yao Fu2Aree Jampaklay3Lucy P. Jordan4Department of Social Work and Social Administrations, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, ChinaDepartment of Social Work and Social Administrations, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, ChinaDepartment of Applied Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, ChinaInstitute for Population and Social Research, Mahidol University, 999 Phuttamonthon 4 Road, Salaya 73170, ThailandDepartment of Social Work and Social Administrations, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, ChinaDo children with migrant parents or migrant family members have a greater likelihood of migration as they reach adulthood? Three possible patterns of youth migration are examined in this study: (1) network migration, when families migrating first pave the way for subsequent generations to follow; (2) gendered migration, where the gender of migrant parents and left-behind children influences the probability of youth migration; and (3) relay migration, which involves transgenerational migration switching within a family. We use data collected from Thailand in 2008/2010 (Wave 1) and tracked in 2019 (Wave 2) to understand how the migration of parents and other family members influenced youth migration in 2019. Within the network effect, household migration was one of the driving forces behind youth migration, while mother-involved migration appeared to be strongly associated with youth labor migration, especially among males. There is, however, no evidence that return migration, whether parental or non-parental in the same household, was associated with an increased likelihood of youth labor migration. This study demonstrates the relative strength of network effects of household migration when compared to relay migration on youth migration. The findings also highlight the complexity of gender-based migration in the Thai context. This research contributes to the larger field of left-behind children and youth migration by establishing the transition between these two roles and illustrating different reasons for migration in sending countries.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0760/12/3/135left-behind childrenyouth migrationmigration networksgendered migrationrelay migrationSoutheast Asia |
| spellingShingle | Cheng Chow Xiaochen Zhou Yao Fu Aree Jampaklay Lucy P. Jordan From Left-Behind Children to Youth Labor Migrants: The Impact of Household Networks, Gendered Migration, and Relay Migration in Southeast Asia Social Sciences left-behind children youth migration migration networks gendered migration relay migration Southeast Asia |
| title | From Left-Behind Children to Youth Labor Migrants: The Impact of Household Networks, Gendered Migration, and Relay Migration in Southeast Asia |
| title_full | From Left-Behind Children to Youth Labor Migrants: The Impact of Household Networks, Gendered Migration, and Relay Migration in Southeast Asia |
| title_fullStr | From Left-Behind Children to Youth Labor Migrants: The Impact of Household Networks, Gendered Migration, and Relay Migration in Southeast Asia |
| title_full_unstemmed | From Left-Behind Children to Youth Labor Migrants: The Impact of Household Networks, Gendered Migration, and Relay Migration in Southeast Asia |
| title_short | From Left-Behind Children to Youth Labor Migrants: The Impact of Household Networks, Gendered Migration, and Relay Migration in Southeast Asia |
| title_sort | from left behind children to youth labor migrants the impact of household networks gendered migration and relay migration in southeast asia |
| topic | left-behind children youth migration migration networks gendered migration relay migration Southeast Asia |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0760/12/3/135 |
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