Endo-(1,4)-β-Glucanase gene families in the grasses: temporal and spatial Co-transcription of orthologous genes<sup>1</sup>
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Endo-(1,4)-β-glucanase (cellulase) glycosyl hydrolase GH9 enzymes have been implicated in several aspects of cell wall metabolism in higher plants, including cellulose biosynthesis and degradation, modification of other wall polysacc...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2012-12-01
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| Series: | BMC Plant Biology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2229/12/235 |
| _version_ | 1811275912207925248 |
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| author | Buchanan Margaret Burton Rachel A Dhugga Kanwarpal S Rafalski Antoni J Tingey Scott V Shirley Neil J Fincher Geoffrey B |
| author_facet | Buchanan Margaret Burton Rachel A Dhugga Kanwarpal S Rafalski Antoni J Tingey Scott V Shirley Neil J Fincher Geoffrey B |
| author_sort | Buchanan Margaret |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Endo-(1,4)-β-glucanase (cellulase) glycosyl hydrolase GH9 enzymes have been implicated in several aspects of cell wall metabolism in higher plants, including cellulose biosynthesis and degradation, modification of other wall polysaccharides that contain contiguous (1,4)-β-glucosyl residues, and wall loosening during cell elongation.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The endo-(1,4)-β-glucanase gene families from barley (<it>Hordeum vulgare</it>), maize (<it>Zea mays</it>), sorghum (<it>Sorghum bicolor</it>), rice (<it>Oryza sativa</it>) and Brachypodium (<it>Brachypodium distachyon</it>) range in size from 23 to 29 members. Phylogenetic analyses show variations in clade structure between the grasses and Arabidopsis, and indicate differential gene loss and gain during evolution. Map positions and comparative studies of gene structures allow orthologous genes in the five species to be identified and synteny between the grasses is found to be high. It is also possible to differentiate between homoeologues resulting from ancient polyploidizations of the maize genome. Transcript analyses using microarray, massively parallel signature sequencing and quantitative PCR data for barley, rice and maize indicate that certain members of the endo-(1,4)-β-glucanase gene family are transcribed across a wide range of tissues, while others are specifically transcribed in particular tissues. There are strong correlations between transcript levels of several members of the endo-(1,4)-β-glucanase family and the data suggest that evolutionary conservation of transcription exists between orthologues across the grass family. There are also strong correlations between certain members of the endo-(1,4)-β-glucanase family and other genes known to be involved in cell wall loosening and cell expansion, such as expansins and xyloglucan endotransglycosylases.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The identification of these groups of genes will now allow us to test hypotheses regarding their functions and joint participation in wall synthesis, re-modelling and degradation, together with their potential role in lignocellulose conversion during biofuel production from grasses and cereal crop residues.</p> |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T23:45:55Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9966477524f14eb79cd60a8a4f33691a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1471-2229 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T23:45:55Z |
| publishDate | 2012-12-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Plant Biology |
| spelling | doaj.art-9966477524f14eb79cd60a8a4f33691a2022-12-22T03:11:51ZengBMCBMC Plant Biology1471-22292012-12-0112123510.1186/1471-2229-12-235Endo-(1,4)-β-Glucanase gene families in the grasses: temporal and spatial Co-transcription of orthologous genes<sup>1</sup>Buchanan MargaretBurton Rachel ADhugga Kanwarpal SRafalski Antoni JTingey Scott VShirley Neil JFincher Geoffrey B<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Endo-(1,4)-β-glucanase (cellulase) glycosyl hydrolase GH9 enzymes have been implicated in several aspects of cell wall metabolism in higher plants, including cellulose biosynthesis and degradation, modification of other wall polysaccharides that contain contiguous (1,4)-β-glucosyl residues, and wall loosening during cell elongation.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The endo-(1,4)-β-glucanase gene families from barley (<it>Hordeum vulgare</it>), maize (<it>Zea mays</it>), sorghum (<it>Sorghum bicolor</it>), rice (<it>Oryza sativa</it>) and Brachypodium (<it>Brachypodium distachyon</it>) range in size from 23 to 29 members. Phylogenetic analyses show variations in clade structure between the grasses and Arabidopsis, and indicate differential gene loss and gain during evolution. Map positions and comparative studies of gene structures allow orthologous genes in the five species to be identified and synteny between the grasses is found to be high. It is also possible to differentiate between homoeologues resulting from ancient polyploidizations of the maize genome. Transcript analyses using microarray, massively parallel signature sequencing and quantitative PCR data for barley, rice and maize indicate that certain members of the endo-(1,4)-β-glucanase gene family are transcribed across a wide range of tissues, while others are specifically transcribed in particular tissues. There are strong correlations between transcript levels of several members of the endo-(1,4)-β-glucanase family and the data suggest that evolutionary conservation of transcription exists between orthologues across the grass family. There are also strong correlations between certain members of the endo-(1,4)-β-glucanase family and other genes known to be involved in cell wall loosening and cell expansion, such as expansins and xyloglucan endotransglycosylases.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The identification of these groups of genes will now allow us to test hypotheses regarding their functions and joint participation in wall synthesis, re-modelling and degradation, together with their potential role in lignocellulose conversion during biofuel production from grasses and cereal crop residues.</p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2229/12/235BiofuelsCell wallsCellulasesCellulose synthesisCo-expressionGrassesStem strength |
| spellingShingle | Buchanan Margaret Burton Rachel A Dhugga Kanwarpal S Rafalski Antoni J Tingey Scott V Shirley Neil J Fincher Geoffrey B Endo-(1,4)-β-Glucanase gene families in the grasses: temporal and spatial Co-transcription of orthologous genes<sup>1</sup> BMC Plant Biology Biofuels Cell walls Cellulases Cellulose synthesis Co-expression Grasses Stem strength |
| title | Endo-(1,4)-β-Glucanase gene families in the grasses: temporal and spatial Co-transcription of orthologous genes<sup>1</sup> |
| title_full | Endo-(1,4)-β-Glucanase gene families in the grasses: temporal and spatial Co-transcription of orthologous genes<sup>1</sup> |
| title_fullStr | Endo-(1,4)-β-Glucanase gene families in the grasses: temporal and spatial Co-transcription of orthologous genes<sup>1</sup> |
| title_full_unstemmed | Endo-(1,4)-β-Glucanase gene families in the grasses: temporal and spatial Co-transcription of orthologous genes<sup>1</sup> |
| title_short | Endo-(1,4)-β-Glucanase gene families in the grasses: temporal and spatial Co-transcription of orthologous genes<sup>1</sup> |
| title_sort | endo 1 4 β glucanase gene families in the grasses temporal and spatial co transcription of orthologous genes sup 1 sup |
| topic | Biofuels Cell walls Cellulases Cellulose synthesis Co-expression Grasses Stem strength |
| url | http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2229/12/235 |
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