Fabrication and Applications of Potentiometric Membrane Sensors Based on Specific Recognition Sites for the Measurement of the Quinolone Antibacterial Drug Gemifloxacin
Supramolecular gemifloxacin (GF) sensors have been developed. Supramolecular chemistry is primarily concerned with noncovalent intermolecular and intramolecular interactions, which are far weaker than covalent connections, but they can be exploited to develop sensors with remarkable affinity for a t...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-06-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/13/5144 |
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| author | Gamal A.E. Mostafa Essam A. Ali Rashad A. Alsalahi Haitham Alrabiah |
| author_facet | Gamal A.E. Mostafa Essam A. Ali Rashad A. Alsalahi Haitham Alrabiah |
| author_sort | Gamal A.E. Mostafa |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Supramolecular gemifloxacin (GF) sensors have been developed. Supramolecular chemistry is primarily concerned with noncovalent intermolecular and intramolecular interactions, which are far weaker than covalent connections, but they can be exploited to develop sensors with remarkable affinity for a target analyte. In order to determine the dose form of the quinolone antibacterial drug gemifloxacin, the current study’s goal is to adapt three polyvinylchloride (PVC) membrane sensors into an electrochemical technique. Three new potentiometric membrane sensors with cylindric form and responsive to gemifloxacin (GF) were developed. The sensors’ setup is based on the usage of o-nitrophenyl octyl ether (o-NPOE) as a plasticizer in a PVC matrix, β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) (sensor 1), γ-cyclodextrin (γ-CD) (sensor 2), and 4-tert-butylcalix[8]arene (calixarene) (sensor 3) as an ionophore, potassium tetrakis (4-chlorophenyl) borate (KTpClPB) as an ion additive for determination of GF. The developed method was verified according to IUPAC guidelines. The sensors under examination have good selectivity for GF, according to their selectivity coefficients. The constructed sensors demonstrated a significant response towards to GF over a concentration range of 2.4 × 10<sup>−6</sup>, 2.7 × 10<sup>−6</sup>, and 2.42 × 10<sup>−6</sup> mol L<sup>−1</sup> for sensors 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The sensors showed near-Nernstian cationic response for GF at 55 mV, 56 mV, and 60 mV per decade for sensors 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Good recovery and relative standard deviations during the day and between days are displayed by the sensors. They demonstrated good stability, quick response times, long lives, rapid recovery, and precision while also exhibiting good selectivity for GF in various matrices. To determine GF in bulk and dose form, the developed sensors have been successfully deployed. The sensors were also employed as end-point indicators for titrating GF with sodium tetraphenyl borate. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T01:33:26Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-996d6141c1474171976334674a7247b6 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T01:33:26Z |
| publishDate | 2023-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-996d6141c1474171976334674a7247b62023-11-18T17:08:51ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492023-06-012813514410.3390/molecules28135144Fabrication and Applications of Potentiometric Membrane Sensors Based on Specific Recognition Sites for the Measurement of the Quinolone Antibacterial Drug GemifloxacinGamal A.E. Mostafa0Essam A. Ali1Rashad A. Alsalahi2Haitham Alrabiah3Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaSupramolecular gemifloxacin (GF) sensors have been developed. Supramolecular chemistry is primarily concerned with noncovalent intermolecular and intramolecular interactions, which are far weaker than covalent connections, but they can be exploited to develop sensors with remarkable affinity for a target analyte. In order to determine the dose form of the quinolone antibacterial drug gemifloxacin, the current study’s goal is to adapt three polyvinylchloride (PVC) membrane sensors into an electrochemical technique. Three new potentiometric membrane sensors with cylindric form and responsive to gemifloxacin (GF) were developed. The sensors’ setup is based on the usage of o-nitrophenyl octyl ether (o-NPOE) as a plasticizer in a PVC matrix, β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) (sensor 1), γ-cyclodextrin (γ-CD) (sensor 2), and 4-tert-butylcalix[8]arene (calixarene) (sensor 3) as an ionophore, potassium tetrakis (4-chlorophenyl) borate (KTpClPB) as an ion additive for determination of GF. The developed method was verified according to IUPAC guidelines. The sensors under examination have good selectivity for GF, according to their selectivity coefficients. The constructed sensors demonstrated a significant response towards to GF over a concentration range of 2.4 × 10<sup>−6</sup>, 2.7 × 10<sup>−6</sup>, and 2.42 × 10<sup>−6</sup> mol L<sup>−1</sup> for sensors 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The sensors showed near-Nernstian cationic response for GF at 55 mV, 56 mV, and 60 mV per decade for sensors 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Good recovery and relative standard deviations during the day and between days are displayed by the sensors. They demonstrated good stability, quick response times, long lives, rapid recovery, and precision while also exhibiting good selectivity for GF in various matrices. To determine GF in bulk and dose form, the developed sensors have been successfully deployed. The sensors were also employed as end-point indicators for titrating GF with sodium tetraphenyl borate.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/13/5144gemifloxacinsupramolecular chemistrypotentiometrysensorsPVC sensorsdrug formulation and quality control |
| spellingShingle | Gamal A.E. Mostafa Essam A. Ali Rashad A. Alsalahi Haitham Alrabiah Fabrication and Applications of Potentiometric Membrane Sensors Based on Specific Recognition Sites for the Measurement of the Quinolone Antibacterial Drug Gemifloxacin Molecules gemifloxacin supramolecular chemistry potentiometry sensors PVC sensors drug formulation and quality control |
| title | Fabrication and Applications of Potentiometric Membrane Sensors Based on Specific Recognition Sites for the Measurement of the Quinolone Antibacterial Drug Gemifloxacin |
| title_full | Fabrication and Applications of Potentiometric Membrane Sensors Based on Specific Recognition Sites for the Measurement of the Quinolone Antibacterial Drug Gemifloxacin |
| title_fullStr | Fabrication and Applications of Potentiometric Membrane Sensors Based on Specific Recognition Sites for the Measurement of the Quinolone Antibacterial Drug Gemifloxacin |
| title_full_unstemmed | Fabrication and Applications of Potentiometric Membrane Sensors Based on Specific Recognition Sites for the Measurement of the Quinolone Antibacterial Drug Gemifloxacin |
| title_short | Fabrication and Applications of Potentiometric Membrane Sensors Based on Specific Recognition Sites for the Measurement of the Quinolone Antibacterial Drug Gemifloxacin |
| title_sort | fabrication and applications of potentiometric membrane sensors based on specific recognition sites for the measurement of the quinolone antibacterial drug gemifloxacin |
| topic | gemifloxacin supramolecular chemistry potentiometry sensors PVC sensors drug formulation and quality control |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/13/5144 |
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