Physical Activity, but Not Glycaemic Load, Is Associated with Lower Real-Time Glycaemic Control in Free-Living Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Maintaining blood glucose within the target range is the primary treatment goal for women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Foods with low glycaemic loads are recommended in clinical practice; however, the relative importance of other key lifestyle variables is unexplored. This pilot study e...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-04-01
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| Series: | Nutrients |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/15/8/1974 |
| _version_ | 1797603965783769088 |
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| author | Isabelle R. Jardine Hannah E. Christie Kate Oetsch Angelo Sabag Meredith Kennedy Barbara J. Meyer Monique E. Francois |
| author_facet | Isabelle R. Jardine Hannah E. Christie Kate Oetsch Angelo Sabag Meredith Kennedy Barbara J. Meyer Monique E. Francois |
| author_sort | Isabelle R. Jardine |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Maintaining blood glucose within the target range is the primary treatment goal for women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Foods with low glycaemic loads are recommended in clinical practice; however, the relative importance of other key lifestyle variables is unexplored. This pilot study explored the associations of glycaemic load, carbohydrates and physical activity parameters on blood glucose concentrations in free-living women with GDM. Twenty-nine women (28–30 weeks gestation, 34 ± 4 years) with GDM were enrolled. Continuous glucose monitoring, physical activity (ActivPAL inclinometer) and dietary intake and dietary quality were measured concurrently for 3 days. Pearson correlation analyses determined the association between glucose levels and lifestyle variables. Despite all receiving the same nutrition education, only 55% of women were following a low glycaemic load diet with a large range of carbohydrate intakes (97–267 g/day). However, the glycaemic load did not correlate with 3-hr postprandial glucose (<i>r</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.021, <i>p</i> = 0.56) or 24-h glucose iAUC (<i>r</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.021, <i>p</i> = 0.58). A significant relationship between total stepping time and lower 24-h glucose iAUC (<i>r</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.308, <i>p</i> = 0.02) and nocturnal glucose (<i>r</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.224, <i>p</i> = 0.05) was found. In free-living women with diet-controlled GDM, more physical activity, i.e., steps accumulated across the day, may be a simple and effective strategy for improving maternal blood glucose concentrations. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T04:39:30Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6643 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T04:39:30Z |
| publishDate | 2023-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nutrients |
| spelling | doaj.art-998235f76342495f8df301dcec1067422023-11-17T20:47:08ZengMDPI AGNutrients2072-66432023-04-01158197410.3390/nu15081974Physical Activity, but Not Glycaemic Load, Is Associated with Lower Real-Time Glycaemic Control in Free-Living Women with Gestational Diabetes MellitusIsabelle R. Jardine0Hannah E. Christie1Kate Oetsch2Angelo Sabag3Meredith Kennedy4Barbara J. Meyer5Monique E. Francois6School of Medical, Indigenous and Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, AustraliaSchool of Medical, Indigenous and Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, AustraliaSchool of Medical, Indigenous and Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, AustraliaNICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, NSW 2145, AustraliaSchool of Medical, Indigenous and Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, AustraliaSchool of Medical, Indigenous and Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, AustraliaSchool of Medical, Indigenous and Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, AustraliaMaintaining blood glucose within the target range is the primary treatment goal for women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Foods with low glycaemic loads are recommended in clinical practice; however, the relative importance of other key lifestyle variables is unexplored. This pilot study explored the associations of glycaemic load, carbohydrates and physical activity parameters on blood glucose concentrations in free-living women with GDM. Twenty-nine women (28–30 weeks gestation, 34 ± 4 years) with GDM were enrolled. Continuous glucose monitoring, physical activity (ActivPAL inclinometer) and dietary intake and dietary quality were measured concurrently for 3 days. Pearson correlation analyses determined the association between glucose levels and lifestyle variables. Despite all receiving the same nutrition education, only 55% of women were following a low glycaemic load diet with a large range of carbohydrate intakes (97–267 g/day). However, the glycaemic load did not correlate with 3-hr postprandial glucose (<i>r</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.021, <i>p</i> = 0.56) or 24-h glucose iAUC (<i>r</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.021, <i>p</i> = 0.58). A significant relationship between total stepping time and lower 24-h glucose iAUC (<i>r</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.308, <i>p</i> = 0.02) and nocturnal glucose (<i>r</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.224, <i>p</i> = 0.05) was found. In free-living women with diet-controlled GDM, more physical activity, i.e., steps accumulated across the day, may be a simple and effective strategy for improving maternal blood glucose concentrations.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/15/8/1974pregnancyexerciseglucosenutritionsedentary behaviour |
| spellingShingle | Isabelle R. Jardine Hannah E. Christie Kate Oetsch Angelo Sabag Meredith Kennedy Barbara J. Meyer Monique E. Francois Physical Activity, but Not Glycaemic Load, Is Associated with Lower Real-Time Glycaemic Control in Free-Living Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Nutrients pregnancy exercise glucose nutrition sedentary behaviour |
| title | Physical Activity, but Not Glycaemic Load, Is Associated with Lower Real-Time Glycaemic Control in Free-Living Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus |
| title_full | Physical Activity, but Not Glycaemic Load, Is Associated with Lower Real-Time Glycaemic Control in Free-Living Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus |
| title_fullStr | Physical Activity, but Not Glycaemic Load, Is Associated with Lower Real-Time Glycaemic Control in Free-Living Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus |
| title_full_unstemmed | Physical Activity, but Not Glycaemic Load, Is Associated with Lower Real-Time Glycaemic Control in Free-Living Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus |
| title_short | Physical Activity, but Not Glycaemic Load, Is Associated with Lower Real-Time Glycaemic Control in Free-Living Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus |
| title_sort | physical activity but not glycaemic load is associated with lower real time glycaemic control in free living women with gestational diabetes mellitus |
| topic | pregnancy exercise glucose nutrition sedentary behaviour |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/15/8/1974 |
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