Parabrachial Neurons Promote Behavior and Electroencephalographic Arousal From General Anesthesia
General anesthesia has been used clinically for more than 170 years, yet its underlying mechanisms are still not fully understood. The parabrachial nucleus (PBN) in the brainstem has been known to be crucial for regulating wakefulness and signs of arousal on the cortical electroencephalogram (EEG)....
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2018-12-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnmol.2018.00420/full |
| _version_ | 1818243373041975296 |
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| author | Tianyuan Luo Tianyuan Luo Shouyang Yu Shuang Cai Yu Zhang Yingfu Jiao Tian Yu Weifeng Yu |
| author_facet | Tianyuan Luo Tianyuan Luo Shouyang Yu Shuang Cai Yu Zhang Yingfu Jiao Tian Yu Weifeng Yu |
| author_sort | Tianyuan Luo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | General anesthesia has been used clinically for more than 170 years, yet its underlying mechanisms are still not fully understood. The parabrachial nucleus (PBN) in the brainstem has been known to be crucial for regulating wakefulness and signs of arousal on the cortical electroencephalogram (EEG). Lesions of the parabrachial complex lead to unresponsiveness and a monotonous high-voltage, and a slow-wave EEG, which are the two main features of general anesthesia. However, it is unclear whether and how the PBN functions in the process of general anesthesia. By recording the levels of calcium in vivo in real-time, we found that the neural activity in PBN is suppressed during anesthesia, while it is robustly activated during recovery from propofol and isoflurane anesthesia. The activation of PBN neurons by “designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs” (DREADDs) shortened the recovery time but did not change the induction time. Cortical EEG recordings revealed that the neural activation of PBN specifically affected the recovery period, with a decrease of δ-band power or an increase in β-band power; no EEG changes were seen in the anesthesia period. Furthermore, the activation of PBN elicited neural activation in the prefrontal cortex, basal forebrain, lateral hypothalamus, thalamus, and supramammillary nucleus. Thus, PBN is critical for behavioral and electroencephalographic arousal without affecting the induction of general anesthesia. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-12T14:00:05Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-998dd32accea4b1f816fd77fd68425c0 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1662-5099 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-12T14:00:05Z |
| publishDate | 2018-12-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
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| series | Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience |
| spelling | doaj.art-998dd32accea4b1f816fd77fd68425c02022-12-22T00:22:21ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience1662-50992018-12-011110.3389/fnmol.2018.00420386531Parabrachial Neurons Promote Behavior and Electroencephalographic Arousal From General AnesthesiaTianyuan Luo0Tianyuan Luo1Shouyang Yu2Shuang Cai3Yu Zhang4Yingfu Jiao5Tian Yu6Weifeng Yu7Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, ChinaGuizhou Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Organ Protection, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, ChinaGuizhou Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Organ Protection, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, ChinaGuizhou Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Organ Protection, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, ChinaGuizhou Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Organ Protection, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, ChinaDepartment of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, ChinaGuizhou Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Organ Protection, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, ChinaDepartment of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, ChinaGeneral anesthesia has been used clinically for more than 170 years, yet its underlying mechanisms are still not fully understood. The parabrachial nucleus (PBN) in the brainstem has been known to be crucial for regulating wakefulness and signs of arousal on the cortical electroencephalogram (EEG). Lesions of the parabrachial complex lead to unresponsiveness and a monotonous high-voltage, and a slow-wave EEG, which are the two main features of general anesthesia. However, it is unclear whether and how the PBN functions in the process of general anesthesia. By recording the levels of calcium in vivo in real-time, we found that the neural activity in PBN is suppressed during anesthesia, while it is robustly activated during recovery from propofol and isoflurane anesthesia. The activation of PBN neurons by “designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs” (DREADDs) shortened the recovery time but did not change the induction time. Cortical EEG recordings revealed that the neural activation of PBN specifically affected the recovery period, with a decrease of δ-band power or an increase in β-band power; no EEG changes were seen in the anesthesia period. Furthermore, the activation of PBN elicited neural activation in the prefrontal cortex, basal forebrain, lateral hypothalamus, thalamus, and supramammillary nucleus. Thus, PBN is critical for behavioral and electroencephalographic arousal without affecting the induction of general anesthesia.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnmol.2018.00420/fullparabrachial neuronsarousalpropofolisofluraneanesthesiafiber photometry |
| spellingShingle | Tianyuan Luo Tianyuan Luo Shouyang Yu Shuang Cai Yu Zhang Yingfu Jiao Tian Yu Weifeng Yu Parabrachial Neurons Promote Behavior and Electroencephalographic Arousal From General Anesthesia Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience parabrachial neurons arousal propofol isoflurane anesthesia fiber photometry |
| title | Parabrachial Neurons Promote Behavior and Electroencephalographic Arousal From General Anesthesia |
| title_full | Parabrachial Neurons Promote Behavior and Electroencephalographic Arousal From General Anesthesia |
| title_fullStr | Parabrachial Neurons Promote Behavior and Electroencephalographic Arousal From General Anesthesia |
| title_full_unstemmed | Parabrachial Neurons Promote Behavior and Electroencephalographic Arousal From General Anesthesia |
| title_short | Parabrachial Neurons Promote Behavior and Electroencephalographic Arousal From General Anesthesia |
| title_sort | parabrachial neurons promote behavior and electroencephalographic arousal from general anesthesia |
| topic | parabrachial neurons arousal propofol isoflurane anesthesia fiber photometry |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnmol.2018.00420/full |
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