Probiotic Activity of <i>Staphylococcus epidermidis</i> Induces Collagen Type I Production through FFaR2/p-ERK Signaling
Collagen type I is a key structural component of dermis tissue and is produced by fibroblasts and the extracellular matrix. The skin aging process, which is caused by intrinsic or extrinsic factors, such as natural aging or free radical exposure, greatly reduces collagen expression, thereby leading...
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| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-01-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/3/1414 |
| _version_ | 1797417520798367744 |
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| author | Indira Putri Negari Sunita Keshari Chun-Ming Huang |
| author_facet | Indira Putri Negari Sunita Keshari Chun-Ming Huang |
| author_sort | Indira Putri Negari |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Collagen type I is a key structural component of dermis tissue and is produced by fibroblasts and the extracellular matrix. The skin aging process, which is caused by intrinsic or extrinsic factors, such as natural aging or free radical exposure, greatly reduces collagen expression, thereby leading to obstructed skin elasticity. We investigated the effective fermentation of Cetearyl isononanoate (CIN), a polyethylene glycol (PEG) analog, as a carbon source with the skin probiotic bacterium <i>Staphylococcus epidermidis</i> (<i>S.</i><i>epidermidis</i>) or butyrate, as their fermentation metabolites could noticeably restore collagen expression through phosphorylated extracellular signal regulated kinase (p-ERK) activation in mouse fibroblast cells and skin. Both the in vitro and in vivo knockdown of short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) or free fatty acid receptor 2 (FFaR2) considerably blocked the probiotic effect of <i>S. epidermidis</i> on p-ERK-induced collagen type I induction. These results demonstrate that butyric acid (BA) in the metabolites of fermenting skin probiotic bacteria mediates FFaR2 to induce the synthesis of collagen through p-ERK activation. We hereby imply that metabolites from the probiotic <i>S. epidermidis</i> fermentation of CIN as a potential carbon source could restore impaired collagen in the dermal extracellular matrix (ECM), providing integrity and elasticity to skin. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T06:20:56Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-99a06c355cba4604a2e1d65367d6f9a3 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T06:20:56Z |
| publishDate | 2021-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-99a06c355cba4604a2e1d65367d6f9a32023-12-03T11:48:22ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672021-01-01223141410.3390/ijms22031414Probiotic Activity of <i>Staphylococcus epidermidis</i> Induces Collagen Type I Production through FFaR2/p-ERK SignalingIndira Putri Negari0Sunita Keshari1Chun-Ming Huang2Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, TaiwanDepartment of Life Sciences, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, TaiwanDepartment of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, TaiwanCollagen type I is a key structural component of dermis tissue and is produced by fibroblasts and the extracellular matrix. The skin aging process, which is caused by intrinsic or extrinsic factors, such as natural aging or free radical exposure, greatly reduces collagen expression, thereby leading to obstructed skin elasticity. We investigated the effective fermentation of Cetearyl isononanoate (CIN), a polyethylene glycol (PEG) analog, as a carbon source with the skin probiotic bacterium <i>Staphylococcus epidermidis</i> (<i>S.</i><i>epidermidis</i>) or butyrate, as their fermentation metabolites could noticeably restore collagen expression through phosphorylated extracellular signal regulated kinase (p-ERK) activation in mouse fibroblast cells and skin. Both the in vitro and in vivo knockdown of short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) or free fatty acid receptor 2 (FFaR2) considerably blocked the probiotic effect of <i>S. epidermidis</i> on p-ERK-induced collagen type I induction. These results demonstrate that butyric acid (BA) in the metabolites of fermenting skin probiotic bacteria mediates FFaR2 to induce the synthesis of collagen through p-ERK activation. We hereby imply that metabolites from the probiotic <i>S. epidermidis</i> fermentation of CIN as a potential carbon source could restore impaired collagen in the dermal extracellular matrix (ECM), providing integrity and elasticity to skin.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/3/1414butyric acidcollagen type Iprobiotic<i>Staphylococcus epidermidis</i> |
| spellingShingle | Indira Putri Negari Sunita Keshari Chun-Ming Huang Probiotic Activity of <i>Staphylococcus epidermidis</i> Induces Collagen Type I Production through FFaR2/p-ERK Signaling International Journal of Molecular Sciences butyric acid collagen type I probiotic <i>Staphylococcus epidermidis</i> |
| title | Probiotic Activity of <i>Staphylococcus epidermidis</i> Induces Collagen Type I Production through FFaR2/p-ERK Signaling |
| title_full | Probiotic Activity of <i>Staphylococcus epidermidis</i> Induces Collagen Type I Production through FFaR2/p-ERK Signaling |
| title_fullStr | Probiotic Activity of <i>Staphylococcus epidermidis</i> Induces Collagen Type I Production through FFaR2/p-ERK Signaling |
| title_full_unstemmed | Probiotic Activity of <i>Staphylococcus epidermidis</i> Induces Collagen Type I Production through FFaR2/p-ERK Signaling |
| title_short | Probiotic Activity of <i>Staphylococcus epidermidis</i> Induces Collagen Type I Production through FFaR2/p-ERK Signaling |
| title_sort | probiotic activity of i staphylococcus epidermidis i induces collagen type i production through ffar2 p erk signaling |
| topic | butyric acid collagen type I probiotic <i>Staphylococcus epidermidis</i> |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/3/1414 |
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