Reinfection in patients with COVID-19: a systematic review
Abstract Background With the continuation of the COVID-19 pandemic, some COVID-19 patients have become reinfected with the virus. Viral gene sequencing has found that some of these patients were reinfected by the different and others by same strains. This has raised concerns about the effectiveness...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
BMC
2022-04-01
|
| Series: | Global Health Research and Policy |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s41256-022-00245-3 |
| _version_ | 1828369088582254592 |
|---|---|
| author | Xiangying Ren Jie Zhou Jing Guo Chunmei Hao Mengxue Zheng Rong Zhang Qiao Huang Xiaomei Yao Ruiling Li Yinghui Jin |
| author_facet | Xiangying Ren Jie Zhou Jing Guo Chunmei Hao Mengxue Zheng Rong Zhang Qiao Huang Xiaomei Yao Ruiling Li Yinghui Jin |
| author_sort | Xiangying Ren |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background With the continuation of the COVID-19 pandemic, some COVID-19 patients have become reinfected with the virus. Viral gene sequencing has found that some of these patients were reinfected by the different and others by same strains. This has raised concerns about the effectiveness of immunity after infection and the reliability of vaccines. To this end, we conducted a systematic review to assess the characteristics of patients with reinfection and possible causes. Methods A systematic search was conducted across eight databases: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, The Cochrane Library, CNKI, WanFang, VIP and SinoMed from December 1, 2019 to September 1, 2021. The quality of included studies were assessed using JBI critical appraisal tools and Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. Results This study included 50 studies from 20 countries. There were 118 cases of reinfection. Twenty-five patients were reported to have at least one complication. The shortest duration between the first infection and reinfection was 19 days and the longest was 293 days. During the first infection and reinfection, cough (51.6% and 43.9%) and fever (50% and 30.3%) were the most common symptoms respectively. Nine patients recovered, seven patients died, and five patients were hospitalized, but 97 patients’ prognosis were unknown. B.1 is the most common variant strain at the first infection. B.1.1.7, B.1.128 and B.1.351 were the most common variant strains at reinfection. Thirty-three patients were infected by different strains and 9 patients were reported as being infected with the same strain. Conclusions Our research shows that it is possible for rehabilitated patients to be reinfected by SARS-COV-2. To date, the causes and risk factors of COVID-19 reinfection are not fully understood. For patients with reinfection, the diagnosis and management should be consistent with the treatment of the first infection. The public, including rehabilitated patients, should be fully vaccinated, wear masks in public places, and pay attention to maintaining social distance to avoid reinfection with the virus. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-14T06:18:56Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-99a6fd41863448f3aa7dfc789c0542e1 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2397-0642 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-14T06:18:56Z |
| publishDate | 2022-04-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Global Health Research and Policy |
| spelling | doaj.art-99a6fd41863448f3aa7dfc789c0542e12022-12-22T02:08:06ZengBMCGlobal Health Research and Policy2397-06422022-04-017112010.1186/s41256-022-00245-3Reinfection in patients with COVID-19: a systematic reviewXiangying Ren0Jie Zhou1Jing Guo2Chunmei Hao3Mengxue Zheng4Rong Zhang5Qiao Huang6Xiaomei Yao7Ruiling Li8Yinghui Jin9Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversitySchool of Nursing, Wuhan UniversityDepartment of Acupuncture Rehabilitation, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineThe First Clinical College of Wuhan UniversityThe First Clinical College of Wuhan UniversityDepartment of Neurotumor Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of MedicineCenter for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityDepartment of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster UniversityCollege of Nursing and Health, Henan UniversityCenter for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityAbstract Background With the continuation of the COVID-19 pandemic, some COVID-19 patients have become reinfected with the virus. Viral gene sequencing has found that some of these patients were reinfected by the different and others by same strains. This has raised concerns about the effectiveness of immunity after infection and the reliability of vaccines. To this end, we conducted a systematic review to assess the characteristics of patients with reinfection and possible causes. Methods A systematic search was conducted across eight databases: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, The Cochrane Library, CNKI, WanFang, VIP and SinoMed from December 1, 2019 to September 1, 2021. The quality of included studies were assessed using JBI critical appraisal tools and Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. Results This study included 50 studies from 20 countries. There were 118 cases of reinfection. Twenty-five patients were reported to have at least one complication. The shortest duration between the first infection and reinfection was 19 days and the longest was 293 days. During the first infection and reinfection, cough (51.6% and 43.9%) and fever (50% and 30.3%) were the most common symptoms respectively. Nine patients recovered, seven patients died, and five patients were hospitalized, but 97 patients’ prognosis were unknown. B.1 is the most common variant strain at the first infection. B.1.1.7, B.1.128 and B.1.351 were the most common variant strains at reinfection. Thirty-three patients were infected by different strains and 9 patients were reported as being infected with the same strain. Conclusions Our research shows that it is possible for rehabilitated patients to be reinfected by SARS-COV-2. To date, the causes and risk factors of COVID-19 reinfection are not fully understood. For patients with reinfection, the diagnosis and management should be consistent with the treatment of the first infection. The public, including rehabilitated patients, should be fully vaccinated, wear masks in public places, and pay attention to maintaining social distance to avoid reinfection with the virus.https://doi.org/10.1186/s41256-022-00245-3COVID-19ReinfectionSystematic review |
| spellingShingle | Xiangying Ren Jie Zhou Jing Guo Chunmei Hao Mengxue Zheng Rong Zhang Qiao Huang Xiaomei Yao Ruiling Li Yinghui Jin Reinfection in patients with COVID-19: a systematic review Global Health Research and Policy COVID-19 Reinfection Systematic review |
| title | Reinfection in patients with COVID-19: a systematic review |
| title_full | Reinfection in patients with COVID-19: a systematic review |
| title_fullStr | Reinfection in patients with COVID-19: a systematic review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Reinfection in patients with COVID-19: a systematic review |
| title_short | Reinfection in patients with COVID-19: a systematic review |
| title_sort | reinfection in patients with covid 19 a systematic review |
| topic | COVID-19 Reinfection Systematic review |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s41256-022-00245-3 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT xiangyingren reinfectioninpatientswithcovid19asystematicreview AT jiezhou reinfectioninpatientswithcovid19asystematicreview AT jingguo reinfectioninpatientswithcovid19asystematicreview AT chunmeihao reinfectioninpatientswithcovid19asystematicreview AT mengxuezheng reinfectioninpatientswithcovid19asystematicreview AT rongzhang reinfectioninpatientswithcovid19asystematicreview AT qiaohuang reinfectioninpatientswithcovid19asystematicreview AT xiaomeiyao reinfectioninpatientswithcovid19asystematicreview AT ruilingli reinfectioninpatientswithcovid19asystematicreview AT yinghuijin reinfectioninpatientswithcovid19asystematicreview |