Analysis of changes in trends in the consumption rates of benzodiazepines and benzodiazepine-related drugs
Background To analyse trends in the rates of consumption of benzodiazepine (BZD) anxiolytics, BZD hypnotics and non-BZD hypnotics and the association with contextual factors. Methods Descriptive time series study. Units of analysis were monthly dose per inhabitant per day (DID) and dose per medical...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Taylor & Francis Group
2018-12-01
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| Series: | Journal of Pharmaceutical Policy and Practice |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40545-017-0128-4 |
| _version_ | 1827593259854069760 |
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| author | Miguel Angel Fernández García Antonio Olry de Labry Lima Ingrid Ferrer Lopez Clara Bermúdez-Tamayo |
| author_facet | Miguel Angel Fernández García Antonio Olry de Labry Lima Ingrid Ferrer Lopez Clara Bermúdez-Tamayo |
| author_sort | Miguel Angel Fernández García |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background To analyse trends in the rates of consumption of benzodiazepine (BZD) anxiolytics, BZD hypnotics and non-BZD hypnotics and the association with contextual factors. Methods Descriptive time series study. Units of analysis were monthly dose per inhabitant per day (DID) and dose per medical card per day(DCD) of benzodiazepine(BZD anxiolytics(BZD-A), BZD hypnotics(BZD-H) and non-BZD hypnotics(Non-BZD-H) between January 2006-December 2015. We analysed 6 primary healthcare districts(PHD) and used defined daily doses (DDDs) to calculate the monthly DIDs(overall and by ATC group). Trends and monthly percentage change (MPC) were analysed through joinpoint regression. Results The annual DID increased by 26% overall, the trend was different across ATC groups. Consumption in BZD-A and BZD-H increased (27.1%,61.9%), consumption in Non-BZD-H decreased by 35%. There was high variability in DCD across the PHD, with an overall increase of 10.2%(5.7%-22.9%). By ATC, DCD increased by 10.4% in BZD-A(4.2%-22.2%) and by 44.2% in BZD-H(33.2%-76.5%). The overall DCD in the Non-BZD-H decreased by 42.1%(19.7%-50.8%). We found an initial upward trend in consumption of BZD-A until April/2008(monthly percentage change –MPC- +0.5%), followed by a slightly slower increase (+0.1%). No changes in trend were detected in BZD-H. In Non-BZD-H, we observed an upward trend until February/2013(+0.1%), followed by a sharp decrease until August/2013(−6.3%), and finally a slight decrease(−0.3%). Conclusions BZD consumption has increased in the last decade, with variability across areas. The changes in trends do not coincide with the financial crisis, introduction of prescriptions by active ingredient, electronic prescriptions or copayment. The only decrease in the Non-BZD-H may be linked to an intervention. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T02:08:59Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-99a7f2b25ea44dd58663b35f8fd917be |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2052-3211 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T02:08:59Z |
| publishDate | 2018-12-01 |
| publisher | Taylor & Francis Group |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Pharmaceutical Policy and Practice |
| spelling | doaj.art-99a7f2b25ea44dd58663b35f8fd917be2023-12-07T15:28:01ZengTaylor & Francis GroupJournal of Pharmaceutical Policy and Practice2052-32112018-12-0111110.1186/s40545-017-0128-412315059Analysis of changes in trends in the consumption rates of benzodiazepines and benzodiazepine-related drugsMiguel Angel Fernández García0Antonio Olry de Labry Lima1Ingrid Ferrer Lopez2Clara Bermúdez-Tamayo3Hospital Virgen de las Nieves,Andalusian School of Public Health,Seville Primary Care Pharmacy Clinical Management Unit,Andalusian School of Public Health,Background To analyse trends in the rates of consumption of benzodiazepine (BZD) anxiolytics, BZD hypnotics and non-BZD hypnotics and the association with contextual factors. Methods Descriptive time series study. Units of analysis were monthly dose per inhabitant per day (DID) and dose per medical card per day(DCD) of benzodiazepine(BZD anxiolytics(BZD-A), BZD hypnotics(BZD-H) and non-BZD hypnotics(Non-BZD-H) between January 2006-December 2015. We analysed 6 primary healthcare districts(PHD) and used defined daily doses (DDDs) to calculate the monthly DIDs(overall and by ATC group). Trends and monthly percentage change (MPC) were analysed through joinpoint regression. Results The annual DID increased by 26% overall, the trend was different across ATC groups. Consumption in BZD-A and BZD-H increased (27.1%,61.9%), consumption in Non-BZD-H decreased by 35%. There was high variability in DCD across the PHD, with an overall increase of 10.2%(5.7%-22.9%). By ATC, DCD increased by 10.4% in BZD-A(4.2%-22.2%) and by 44.2% in BZD-H(33.2%-76.5%). The overall DCD in the Non-BZD-H decreased by 42.1%(19.7%-50.8%). We found an initial upward trend in consumption of BZD-A until April/2008(monthly percentage change –MPC- +0.5%), followed by a slightly slower increase (+0.1%). No changes in trend were detected in BZD-H. In Non-BZD-H, we observed an upward trend until February/2013(+0.1%), followed by a sharp decrease until August/2013(−6.3%), and finally a slight decrease(−0.3%). Conclusions BZD consumption has increased in the last decade, with variability across areas. The changes in trends do not coincide with the financial crisis, introduction of prescriptions by active ingredient, electronic prescriptions or copayment. The only decrease in the Non-BZD-H may be linked to an intervention.http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40545-017-0128-4benzodiazepinesprimary health caretherapeuticsinappropriate prescribing |
| spellingShingle | Miguel Angel Fernández García Antonio Olry de Labry Lima Ingrid Ferrer Lopez Clara Bermúdez-Tamayo Analysis of changes in trends in the consumption rates of benzodiazepines and benzodiazepine-related drugs Journal of Pharmaceutical Policy and Practice benzodiazepines primary health care therapeutics inappropriate prescribing |
| title | Analysis of changes in trends in the consumption rates of benzodiazepines and benzodiazepine-related drugs |
| title_full | Analysis of changes in trends in the consumption rates of benzodiazepines and benzodiazepine-related drugs |
| title_fullStr | Analysis of changes in trends in the consumption rates of benzodiazepines and benzodiazepine-related drugs |
| title_full_unstemmed | Analysis of changes in trends in the consumption rates of benzodiazepines and benzodiazepine-related drugs |
| title_short | Analysis of changes in trends in the consumption rates of benzodiazepines and benzodiazepine-related drugs |
| title_sort | analysis of changes in trends in the consumption rates of benzodiazepines and benzodiazepine related drugs |
| topic | benzodiazepines primary health care therapeutics inappropriate prescribing |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40545-017-0128-4 |
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